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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A Deterministic Mathematical Model for Direct and Indirect Transmission Dynamics of Typhoid Fever

  AUTHORS: Stephen Edward

  KEYWORDS: Modeling, Sanitation, Treatment, Vaccination, Epidemiology, Typhoid

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Access Library Journal, Vol.4 No.5, May 3, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Improvements in sanitation and the provision of clean drinking water led to the elimination of typhoid fever from developed countries in the beginning of the 20th century. However, Salmonella typhi and paratyphi remain a major source of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries today. The dynamics of typhoid transmission are poorly understood. In this study, we develop a novel mathematical model that captures the role of both human to human interaction and human to environment interaction in the transmission dynamics of typhoid fever. Our results have shown the feasible impact of different methods of typhoid control, including vaccination, improved treatment strategies, and investment in clean water and sanitation.