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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: On the Relationship between Heat Waves over the Western and Central Europe and NAO, SOI, El-Nino 3.4 in Summer 2015

  AUTHORS: Yehia Hafez

  KEYWORDS: Heat wave, Surface air Temperature, The Western and Central Europe, NAO, SOI, El-Nino 3.4

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.5 No.4, April 19, 2017

  ABSTRACT: An extreme warming hit Europe in summer of the year 2015. The present paper investigates the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and El-Nino 3.4 and heat waves that persist over the western and central Europe in the summer of 2015. The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis daily dataset of the mean surface air temperature for the domains of the western and central Europe for summer months (June, July and August) of the year, 2015 has used. In addition, the time cross-section analysis of the daily gridded operational data for the mean surface air temperature over the western and central Europe from 1 June to 31 August 2015 has done. Moreover, daily datasets of the NAO, SOI, and El-Nino 3.4 for that period have used. The time series, time cross section, anomaly and correlation coefficient techniques are used to analyze the data sets. The results revealed that the cases of heat waves that existed over the western and central Europe through the summer season of the year 2015 were controlled distinctly by the negative phase of the NAO and positive phase of ENSO.