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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Effects of Back Massages on Stress Observed in Students Preparing for the National License Examination

  AUTHORS: Hanachiyo Nagata, Yushi Ito, Masahiro Nakano, Masasuke Takefu, Norio Akaike

  KEYWORDS: Back Massages, Serum Cortisol, Serum Lactate, Chronic Stress, The National License Examination for Medical Technologist

  JOURNAL NAME: Health, Vol.7 No.4, April 10, 2015

  ABSTRACT: We measured serum level of cortisol and lactate, the stiffness of trapezius, skin blood flow and VAS before and after the back massages of 25 senior college students, who had sent stressful days for 11 months starting from April, preparing for the national license examination. These students usually had complaints of stiffness of shoulder and/or lumber. Back massages significantly reduced the level of serum cortisol from 8.85 ± 0.78 to 5.95 ± 0.68 μg/dl, without affecting that of lactate. The treatment also improved the stiffness of the trapezius of students with complaints from 63.24 ± 0.78 to 59.12 ± 0.78 after the treatment without affecting skin blood flow (SKBF). In addition, back massages reduced the VAS value at the same time. These results indicate that back massages of the student are effective to improve the physical and psychological conditions of the students.