Turashvili, G., Yang, W., McKinney, S., Kalloger, S., Gale, N., Ng, Y., Chow, K., Bell, L., Lorette, J., Carrier, M., Luk, M., Aparicio, S., Huntsman, D. and Yip, S. (2011) Nucleic Acid Quantity and Quality from Paraffin Blocks: Defining Optimal Fixation, Processing and DNA/RNA Extraction Techniques. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 92, 33- 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.09.013

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: DNA/RNA Degradation Rate in Long Term Fixed Museum Specimens

  AUTHORS: Shannon Cook, Chelsea Dodge, Randy Morgan, George E. Sandusky

  KEYWORDS: DNA, RNA, Nuclear Degradation, Microscopy

  JOURNAL NAME: Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research, Vol.3 No.1, December 15, 2014

  ABSTRACT: In today’s research driven society, it has become commonplace for institutions to rely upon DNA and RNA extraction techniques to help obtain genomic data from old specimens. Generally, specimens are preserved for future gross examination and/or teaching. Using histological examination of specimens from museum jars from the Pathology Department at the Indiana University School of Medicine, the sequential and chronological degradation of DNA and RNA has been studied. We examined gross specimens from 1920 to 2000. We evaluated histologic preservation of kidney, liver, heart, lung, spleen, uterus and brain for nuclear structure in these samples. Nuclear preservation was based on amount of nuclei per microscopic field and the crispness of the nuclear membrane and internal features. The nuclei in high lipid tissues such as the brain were found to degrade at a quicker rate than dense tissues such as the heart and uterus. Our study has shown that specimens preserved beyond fifty years were likely to have little to no nuclei left, thus indicating that there was little to no DNA and RNA remaining. This technique of histologic evaluation is an important finding and a general guideline which may save research institutions from the expensive process of DNA and RNA extraction.