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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A Molecular Dynamics Approach for Optimizing Beam Intensities in IMPT Treatment Planning

  AUTHORS: Li Liao, Gino J. Lim, Xiaodong Zhang

  KEYWORDS: Molecular Dynamics, Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy, Quasi-Newton

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.7 No.9, September 28, 2019

  ABSTRACT: This paper uses a molecular dynamics (MD) method for intensity-modulated proton therapy treatment planning optimization to overcome the problem of gradient-based optimization methods such as quasi-Newton, which is sensitive to starting conditions and is easily trapped in local minima. We implemented a molecular dynamics (MD) method and a quasi-Newton method for plan optimization. Three types of cancer cases, prostate, head-and-neck and lung cancer, were tested with three starting different initial conditions. Overall, the MD method consistently resulted in solutions with lower objective function values (OFVs) compared to those from the quasi-Newton algorithm. Furthermore, the MD method converged on the same OFV regardless of its initial starting points used for the prostate cancer case.