TITLE:
Using Quantum Statistics to Win at Thermodynamics, and Cheating in Vegas
AUTHORS:
George S. Levy
KEYWORDS:
Entropy, Game, H-Theorem, Field-Induced Thermoelectric Effect, Reciprocal Hall Effect, Second Law, Thermodynamics, Thermoelectrics, Homogeneity, Indistinguishability
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,
Vol.6 No.10,
October
31,
2018
ABSTRACT: Gambling is a useful analog to thermodynamics. When
all players use the same dice, loaded or not, on the average no one wins. In thermodynamic
terms, when the system is homogeneous—an assumption made by Boltzmann in his
H-Theorem—entropy never decreases. To reliably win, one must cheat, for
example, use a loaded dice when everyone else uses a fair dice; in
thermodynamics, one must use a heterogeneous statistical strategy. This can be
implemented by combining within a single system, different statistics such as
Maxwell-Boltzmann’s, Fermi-Dirac’s and Bose-Einstein’s. Heterogeneous
statistical systems fall outside of Boltzmann’s assumption and therefore can
bypass the second law. The Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, the equivalent of an
unbiased fair dice, requires a gas column to be isothermal. The Fermi-Dirac and
Bose-Einstein statistics, the equivalent of a loaded biased dice, can generate
spontaneous temperature gradients when a field is present. For example, a
thermoelectric junction can produce a spontaneous temperature gradient, an
experimentally documented phenomenon. A magnetic field parallel to, and an
electric field perpendicular to a surface produce a spontaneous current along
the surface, perpendicular to both fields (Reciprocal Hall Effect).
Experimental data collected by several independent researchers is cited to
support the theory.