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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Deciduous Biomass (Alnus incana) and Pelletization Prospects

  AUTHORS: Raghu Kc, Indu Babu, Sara Alatalo, Jarno Föhr, Tapio Ranta, Ismo Tiihonen

  KEYWORDS: Sustainable, Bioenergy, Hydrothermal Carbonization, Hydrochar, Pelletization

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, Vol.7 No.3, September 13, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Thermal treatment of biomass has been attracting attention for a decade or so, especially torrefaction. However, for the past few years, wet pyrolysis, also known as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), has been getting some attention. Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermal treatment of biomass in the presence of water in a temperature range of 180°C - 260°C. This method of treating biomass has some benefits which others do not, such as it can handle extremely wet biomass. However, treating biomass may not be enough for practical use. It may need to be transported and stored. Thus, this study explored the idea of pelletizing the HTC biomass. The mechanical strength of the HTC pellets was found to be 93%, whereas, higher heating value (HHV) (dry basis) was found to be 4% higher than the corresponding white pellets. The initial results with some limited parameters indicated that it would be possible to pelletize without binder. However, extensive research on energy balance and economic assessment would be necessary to achieve economic feasibility.