K. P. Naccarato, O. Pinto Jr. and I. R. C. A. Pinto, “Evidence of Thermal and Aerosol Effects on the Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Density and Polarity over Large Urban Areas of Southeastern Brazil,” Geophysical Research Letter, Vol. 30, No. 13, 2003, pp. 1674-1677.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017496

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Lightning Enhancement in the Amazon Region Due to Urban Activity

  AUTHORS: Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida Pinto, Osmar P. Neto

  KEYWORDS: Lightning; Urban Effects; Amazon Region

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Climate Change, Vol.2 No.4, December 12, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Urbanization has an increasing contribution to anthropogenic climate forcing. The impact arises mainly from the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and aerosol anthropogenic emissions. An important but not completely understood consequence of this forcing is its effect on local lightning activity. Changes in lightning activity may result in a feedback on the climate system. In this article, it investigates changes in the lightning activity in the city of Manaus, located in the Amazon region of Brazil. It is found that, over the city, the lightning activity is larger than in the regions around it and it has been increasing in the last four decades simultaneously with the increasing of its urban area. Our results suggest that such changes are caused by the UHI effect. The observations reported here are unique and relevant because Manaus is located in the central part of the Amazon rainforest and inside one of the three global lightning chimneys in the world.