The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin among Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Patients*

Ashraf Abd El Halim, Adel Attia, Taysser Zytoun, Hosam Eldeen Salah

Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Critical Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

DOI: 10.4236/ojrd.2013.32012                

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication in as many as 28% of patients who receive mechanical ventilation. Studies have consistently shown that a delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the mortality risk. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and the prognosis of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods: Forty two VAP patients, 20 non VAP-ICU (on mechanical ventilation) admitted patients and 20 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in serum samples were measured in all subjects. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001) between VAP patients on one side and non VAP-ICU patients and healthy control subjects on the other side regarding the mean values of PCT. Also, the mean values of PCT were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) among died VAP group than the survivor VAP group. There was a statistically positive correlation (p < 0.01) between mortality prediction scores (APACHE II (R = 0.449), CRIP (R = 0.403) and SOFA (R = 0.437)) and initial PCT serum levels. Conclusions: This study found that the increased PCT serum level is an important diagnostic tool for VAP and the PCT serum levels can predict the outcome of VAP patients. We recommend other larger studies to augment our findings.

Keywords

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP); Procalcitonin (PCT); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA); Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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