Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Capacity of Heart Failure Patients in Senegal

Ngoné Diaba Gaye¹, Aliou Alassane Ngaidé^2,3,4, Joseph Mingou^2,4, Fatou Aw⁴, Mame Madjiguène Ka⁵, Aimé Mbaye Sy², Zakaria Naji Lamrani³, Abdoul Kane^2,3

¹Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Ibra Mamadou Wane Medical Center, Dakar, Senegal.
²Department of Cardiology, Dalal Jam Hospital, Guediawaye, Senegal.
³Department of Cardiology, Idrissa Pouye General Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
⁴School of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.
⁵Department of Cardiology, Principal Hospital of Dakar (HPD), Dakar, Senegal..

DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2024.148038                

Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a chronic and severe condition that often results from various heart diseases. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is currently a crucial component in managing this condition. The aim was to assess the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on physical capacity of heart failure patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from February 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023. We included all patients with heart failure who underwent cardiac rehabilitation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.0, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The study included 87 heart failure patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8. Mean age was 57.10 years (±11.75). Coronary artery disease was the primary cause of heart failure, accounting for 75.9% of cases. Atrial fibrillation was present in 4.7% of cases. Following cardiac rehabilitation, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction increased from 40.15% to 49.48% (p = 0.001). Resting heart rate decreased significantly from 81.4 bpm to 68.3 bpm (p = 0.000), and the number of METS increased from 4.3 to 6.57 (+56.8%; p = 0.000). The mean distance covered in the 6-minute walk test significantly increased from 337.8 meters to 522.7 meters (p = 0.000), reflecting a gain of 183.5 meters. Moreover, the increase in the number of METS was more pronounced in females (p = 0.001), non-obese individuals (p = 0.000), non-diabetics (p = 0.001), non-sedentary individuals (p = 0.000), and non-smokers (p = 0.000). The study reported a low readmissions rate of 2.2% and a mortality rate of 1.1%. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that cardiac rehabilitation is beneficial for black African heart failure patients, resulting in significant improvements in symptoms, physical and capacity.

Keywords

Cardiac Rehabilitation, Chronic Heart Failure, Physical Capacity, Senegal

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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