Prevalence and the Risk Factors of Renal Insufficiency in the City of Saint Louis in Senegal

Ahmed Tall Lemrabott^1*, Mouhamadou Moustapha Cisse¹, Elhadji Fary Ka¹, Sidy Mohamed Seck², Maria Faye¹, Moussa Sarr¹, Ngoné Diaba Gaye³, Alassane Mbaye³, Abdou Niang¹, Boucar Diouf¹, Abdoul Kane³

¹Department of Nephrology, Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
²Faculty of Medicine, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
³Department of Cardiology, Grand-Yoff General Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

DOI: 10.4236/ojneph.2015.53013                

Abstract

Background: The true scale of renal insufficiency (RI) in Sub-Saharan Africa remains unknown due to the lack of national registries. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of renal insufficiency in urban areas in Saint Louis of Senegal. Materials and Methods: It is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study was conducted during 27 days starting from 3 to 30 May 2010. All senegalese residents of Saint Louis (older than 15 years at the time of the study) in whom creatinine clearance was performed were included in the study. The sampling method used was a systematic random sampling, stratified cluster. The survey was designed by an expert comitee based on STEPS survey of the World Health Organization. RI was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m². Results: Among 1424 people initially selected a final selection of 1416 was made. The sex ratio was 0.45. The mean age was 43.4 ± 17.8 years. The overall prevalence of renal insufficiency according to MDRD (Modification of diet in renal disease) formula was 181 cases or 12.7%. The mean age of the people with renal insufficiency was 47.6 ± 17.4 years. Renal insufficiency was correlated to height blood pressure (p = 0.01) and Physical inactivity (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of renal insufficiency was higher in diabetics (71.4%) and obese people (66.6%) than in non-diabetics (64.9%) and non-obese people (56.5%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Dyslipidemia and smoking were not correlated to the risk of occurrence of IR. Conclusions: This study reports the increasing magnitude of RI and its risk factors in the city of Saint Louis in Senegal. It is imperative to establish à national prevention strategies to avoid the dizzying growth of this scourge.

Keywords

Renal Insufficiency, Risk Factors, GFR, Saint-Louis, Senegal

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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