Evaluation of the Marginal Adaptation in Metal Crowns Using CAD/CAM and Manual Wax Patterns

Alan Sepulveda-Rodríguez¹, Felipe Guerrero-Martínez², César Gaitan-Fonseca¹, Takashi Komabayashi³, Enrique Reyes-Vela¹, David Masuoka¹

¹Department of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
²Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
³Department of Endodontics, West Virginia University, Charleston, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/mr.2015.32004                

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the maximum and minimum distances between the model and the cast crown of three techniques using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Three technique groups were used for this study: group A (control), traditional manual wax patterns; group B, dipping wax patterns; group C, resin patterns made with CAD/CAM. For each group, 10 samples were made using the same model, and then metal cast. Marginal accuracies of the samples were evaluated by performing gap measurements using SEM with a magnification of 1200× (minimum distance). The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 significance level. The average (standard deviation) of the minimum distance [μm] was 22.5 (12.1), 9.9 (4.3), and 14.7 (6.6), in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The average standard deviation of gap area [μm²] was 21667.2 (3476.4), 9906.4 (1512.1), and 16048.8 (8123). In the minimum distance comparison, groups A and B (p = 0.006) showed statistically significant results. In the gap area comparison, there was no statistical significance among groups A, B, and C (p = 0.174). The marginal adaptations of all three techniques were within a reported clinically acceptable range of margin.

Keywords

Marginal Adaptation, CAD/CAM, Metal Caps, Wax Pattern

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Sjogren, G. (1995) Marginal and Internal Fit of Four Different Types of Ceramic Inlays after Luting An in Vitro Study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 53, 24-28.
[2]	Tan, P.L., Gratton, D.G., Díaz-Arnold, A.M. and Holmes, D.C. (2008) An in Vitro Comparison of Vertical Marginal Gaps of CAD/CAM Titanium and Conventional Cast Restorations. Journal of Prosthodontics, 17, 378-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00302.x
[3]	Koernschild, K.L. and Campbell, S.D. (2000) Periodontal Tissue Responses after Insertion of Artificial Crowns and Fixed Partial Dentures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 84, 492-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2000.110262
[4]	Becker, C.S. (1956) Porcelain Baked to Gold—A New Medium in Prosthodontics. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 6, 801-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(56)90077-4
[5]	Christensen, G.J. (1966) Marginal Fit of Gold Inlay Castings. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 16, 297-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(66)90082-5
[6]	Foster, L.V. (1990) Failed Conventional Bridge Work from General Dental Practice: Clinical Aspects and Treatment Needs of 142 Cases. British Dental Journal, 168, 199-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807133
[7]	Kohorst, P., Brinkmann, H., Li, J., Borchers, L. and Stiesch, M. (2009) Marginal Accuracy of Four-Unit Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses Fabricated Using Different Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Systems. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 117, 319-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00622.x
[8]	Ura, C., Burgaz, Y. and Saraç, D. (2010) In Vitro Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation in Five Ceramic Restoration Fabricating Techniques. Quintessence International, 41, 585-590.
[9]	Lombardas, P., Carbunaru, A., McAlarney, M.E. and Toothaker, R.W. (2000) Dimensional Accuracy of Castings Produced with Ringless and Metal Ring Investment Systems. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 84, 27-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2000.107783
[10]	Gonzalo, E., Suárez, M.J., Serrano, B. and Lozano, J.F. (2009) Comparative Analysis of Two Measurement Methods for Marginal Fit in Metal-Ceramic and Zirconia Posterior FPDs. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 22, 374- 377.
[11]	Etman, M.K. and Woolford, M.J. (2010) Three-Year Clinical Evaluation of Two Ceramic Crown System: A Preliminary Study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 103, 80-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(10)60010-8
[12]	Lopes, M.B., Costa, L.A., Consani, S., Gonini, A.J. and Sinhoreti, M.A. (2009) SEM Evaluation of Marginal Sealing on Composite Restorations Using Different Photoactivation and Composite Insertion Methods. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 20, 394-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.59428
[13]	Rezaei, S.H., Madani, A.A. and Mehraban, S. (2004) An SEM Evaluation of Wax Pattern Marginal Fitness Using Different Time Intervals and Temperatures. Journal of Mashhad Dental School, 28, 31-36.
[14]	Yeo, I.S., Yang, J.H. and Lee, J.B. (2003) In Vitro Marginal Fit of Three All-Ceramic Crown Systems. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 90, 459-464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2003.08.005
[15]	Limkangwalmongkol, P., Chiche, G.J. and Blatz, B. (2007) Precision of Fit of Two Margin Designs for Metal-Ceramic Crowns. Journal of Prosthodontics, 16, 233-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2007.00186.x
[16]	Beuer, F., Schweiger, J. and Edelhoff, D. (2008) Digital Dentistry: An Overview of Recent Developments of CAD/ CAM Generated Restorations. British Dental Journal, 204, 505-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.350