An Efficient Electric Charge Transfer Device for Intelligent Storage Units

Ahmed Rebbani^1*, Omar Bouattane¹, Lhoucine Bahatti¹, Mimoun Zazoui²

¹Lab SSDIA, ENSET, Hassan II University, Mohammedia, Morocco.
²Lab PMCER, FST, Hassan II University, Mohammedia, Morocco.

DOI: 10.4236/ojee.2014.33006                

Abstract

This paper deals with a dynamic analysis of an optimal technique used for direct electrical energy storage, where a concept of charge transfer between different electric storage units is used. This analysis is developed to seek for efficient and real time conditions to maintain optimal behavior for charge recovery from intermittent power sources in the field of renewable energies like solar and wind. The proposed analysis leads to elaborating a set of interesting states and conditions that allows the user to choose effective configuration parameters that lead to an optimal or near optimal charge transfer device. The proposed device is designed to ensure an optimal transfer of electric charges. It must be self-configured to retrieve and transfer the maximum energy from the sources to the storage units (Super-capacitors, batteries…). Some interesting results, by simulating the proposed device, are presented to show how this optimization problem can be viewed as a combinatorial one, where the optimization algorithm is asked to find the suitable switching combination to configure the device to be closest to the optimal charge recovery.

Keywords

Energy Storage, Charge Transfer, Renewable Energy, Photovoltaic, Supercapacitor, Switching

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Raihani, A., et al. (2011) An Optimal Management System of a Wind Energy Supplier. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2, 349-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2011.24040
[2]	E. Journal (1998) Technologies for Tomorrow. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 18, 5-8.
[3]	Directorate-General for Research Sustainable Energy Systems (2006) European Smart Grids Technology Platform. Smart Grids, Vision and Strategy for Europe’s Electricity Networks of the Future. Technical Report.
[4]	Glavin, M.E. and Hurley, W.G. (2012) Optimization of a Photovoltaic Battery Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System. Solar Energy, 86, 3009-3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.005
[5]	Smith, T.A., Mars, J.P. and Turner, G.A. (2002) Using Super Capacitors to Improve Battery Performance. Proceedings of 33rd Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Cairns, 124-128.
[6]	Kotz, R. and Carlen, M. (2000) Principles and Applications of Electrochemical Capacitors. Electrochimica Acta, 45, 2483-2498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00354-6
[7]	Palma, L., Enjetti, P. and Howze, J.W. (2003) An Approach to Improve Battery Run-Time in Mobile Applications with Supercapacitors. Proceedings of Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Acapulco, 918-923.
[8]	Cohen, M. and Smith, R. (2002) Here and Now: Ultra Capacitors Are a Standard Option. EVS19, Proceeding of the EVS19, 812-819.
[9]	Chatzivasileiadi, A. et al. (2013) Characteristics of Electrical Energy Storage Technologies and Their Applications in Buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 814-830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.023
[10]	Alanen, R., Appetecchi, G., Conte, M., DeJaeger, E., Graditi, G., Jahren, S., et al. (2012) Electrical Energy Storage Technology Review. European Energy Research Alliance.
[11]	Logerais, P.O., Riou, O., Camara, M.A. and Durastanti, J.F. (2013) Study of Photovoltaic Energy Storage by Supercapacitors through both Experimental and Modelling Approaches. Journal of Solar Energy, 2013, Article ID: 659014.
[12]	Camara, M.A. (2011) Modelisation du stockage de l’energie photovoltaique par supercondensateurs. Ph.D. Thesis, Université Paris-Est, Paris.
[13]	Farzanehfard, H., Beyragh, D.S. and Adib, E. (2008) A Bidirectional Soft Switched Ultracapacitor Interface Circuit for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 3578-3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.07.004
[14]	Van Voorden, A., Ramirez-Elizondo, L., Paap, G., Verboomen, J. and van der Sluis, L. (2007) The Application of Super Capacitors to Relieve Battery Storage Systems in Autonomous Renewable Energy Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Tech Conference, Lausanne, 1-5 July 2007, 479-484.
[15]	Kuperman, A. and Aharon, I. (2011) Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrids for Pulsed Current Loads: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 981-992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.010
[16]	Henson, W. (2008) Optimal Battery/Ultracapacitor Storage Combination. Journal of Power Sources, 179, 417-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.083
[17]	Dougal, R.A., Liu, S.Y. and White, R.E. (2002) Power and Life Extension of Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrids. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 25, 120-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6144.991184
[18]	Fang, X., Kutkut, N., Shen, J. and Batarseh, I. (2011) Analysis of Generalized Parallel-Series Ultracapacitor Shift Circuits for Energy Storage Systems. Renewable Energy, 36, 2599-2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.05.003
[19]	Dougal, R.A., Gao, L. and Liu, S. (2004) Ultracapacitor Model with Automatic Order Selection and Capacity Scaling for Dynamic System Simulation. Journal of Power Sources, 126, 250-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.08.031
[20]	Lu, R.G., Zhu, C.B., Tian, L.K. and Wang, Q. (2007) Super-Capacitor Stacks Management System with Dynamic Equalization Techniques. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43, 254-258.
[21]	Rebbani, A., Bouattane, O., Bahatti, L. and Zazoui, M. (2014) Efficient Charge Transfer Process in an Intelligent Electrical Storage System. IRACST-Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), 4, 91-100.