Remediation of Coastal Sediments by Addition of Calcium Nitrate and Presence of Benthos in a Muddy Tidal Flat

Hiroyuki Harada, Kotarou Akagi, Hiroaki Tutioka, Atushi Hashimoto

Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/jep.2014.58071                

Abstract

This study investigated the change in denitrification rate in muddy tidal flats sediment by chemical and biological remediation. Column experiments were conducted to determine the dependence of denitrification rate on the redox potential. Filtered seawater was fed continuously to the pipe filled with sediment from the muddy tidal flats. An increase in the redox potential from -198 mV to 21 mV with bioturbation led to increases in the denitrification rate from 24.2 mg/m²/day to 29.8 mg/m²/day. The increase in denitrification was explained by the acceleration of mass transfer in the sediment. Redox-potential increased from -400 mV to -200 mV by the addition of 10 g calcium nitrate, acid volatile sulfide was below the detection limit to 20 cm depth, and denitrification rate was increased from 21.3 mg/m²/day to 36.4 mg/m²/day. It is considered that the increased nitrogen concentration led to an increase in microbial activity.

Keywords

Redox Potential, Muddy Tidal Sediment, Denitrification, Bioturbation, Calcium Nitrate

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Gomez, F. and Sartaj, M. (2014) Optimization of Field Scale Biopiles for Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil at Low Temperature Conditions by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 89, 103-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.01.010
[2]	Polti, M.A., Aparicio, J.D., Benimeli, C.S. and Amoroso, M.J. (2014) Simultaneous Bioremediation of Cr(VI) and Lindane in Soil by Actinobacteria. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 88, 48-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.12.004
[3]	Winquist, E., Bjorklof, K., Schultz, E., Rasanen, M., Salonen, K., Anasonye, F., Cajthaml, T., Steffen, K.T., Jørgensen, K.S. and Tuomela, M. (2014) Bioremediation of PAH-Contaminated Soil with Fungi—From Laboratory to Field Scale. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 86, 238-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.09.012
[4]	Szulc, A., Ambrozewicz, D., Sydow, M., Lawniczak, L., Piotrowska-Cyplik, A., Marecik, R. and Chrzanowski, L. (2014) The Influence of Bioaugmentation and Biosurfactant Addition on Bioremediation Efficiency of Diesel-Oil Contaminated Soil: Feasibility during Field Studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 132, 121-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.006
[5]	Wang, H., Wang, C.X., Lin, M., Sun, X.N., Wang, C.Y. and Hu, X.K. (2013) Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with Bioremediation of Crude Oil in Microcosms. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85, 400-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.07.015
[6]	Mollie Beattie Coastal Habitat Community, WHAT IS A TIDAL FLAT? Tidal Flats Are Sand or Mud Areas Found in Many Estuarine Areas. http://www.cbbep.org/projects/molliebeattie/index.htm
[7]	Hasanudin, U., Kunihiro, T., Fujita, M., Hu, H.-Y., Fujie, K. and Suzuki, T. (2004) The Contribution of Clams on Tidal Flat Purification Capacity. Journal of Water and Environment Technology, 2, 83-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jwet.2004.83
[8]	Isnansetyo, A., Thien, N.D., Seguchi, M., Koriyama, M. and Koga, A. (2011) Nitrification Potential of Mud Sediment of the Ariake Sea Tidal Flat and the Individual Effect of Temperature, pH, Salinity and Ammonium Concentration on its Nitrification Rate. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3, 587-599.
[9]	Hopfensperger, K.N., Kaushal, S.S., Findlay, S.E. and Comwell, J.C. (2009) Influence of Plant Communities on Denitrification in a Tidal Freshwater Marsh of the Potomac River, United States. Journal of Environmental Quality, 38, 618-626. http://dx.doi.org:10.2134/jeq2008.0220
[10]	Raymand, N., Bionin, P. and Bertand, J.-C. (1992) Coma Prison of Methods for Measuring in Marine Sediments from Westerb Mediterranean Cost. Oceanologica Acta, 15, 137-142.
[11]	Shimizu, Y. and Nakano, M. (2009) Mechanism of Eutorophic Marine Sediment Improvement Using Calcium Nitrate. Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment, 32, 197-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe.32.197
[12]	Wang, D.Q., Chen, Z.L., Xu, S.Y., Da, L.J., Bi, C.J. and Wang, J. (2007) Denitrification in Tidal Flat Sediment, Yangtze Estuary. Science in China Series B: Chemistry, 50, 812-820.
[13]	Yamamoto, T., Kondo, S., Kim, K.-H., Asaoka, S., Yamamoto, H., Tokuoka, M. and Hibino, T. (2012) Remediation of Muddy Tidal Flat Sediments Using Hot Air-Dried Crushed Oyster Shells. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64, 2428-2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.002