[1]
|
Triggle, C.R., Bansal, D., Ding, H., Islam, M.M., Farag, E., Hadi, H.A. and Sultan, A.A. (2021) A Comprehensive Review of Viral Characteristics, Transmission, Pathophysiology, Immune Response, and Management of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 as a Basis for Controlling the Pandemic. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Article ID: 631139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.631139
|
[2]
|
Shi, Y., Wang, G., Cai, X.-P., Deng, J.-W., Zheng, L., Zhu, H.-H., et al. (2020) An Overview of COVID-19. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science B, 21, 343-360.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2000083
|
[3]
|
Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G. and Gao, G.F. (2020) A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak of Global Health Concern. The Lancet, 395, 470-473.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
|
[4]
|
Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C. and Garry, R.F. (2020) The Proximal Origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine, 26, 450-452.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9
|
[5]
|
Leclerc, Q., Fuller, N., Knight, L., Null, N., Funk, S. and Knight, G. (2020) What Settings Have Been Linked to SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Clusters? Welcome Open Research, 5, 83. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15889.2
|
[6]
|
van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., et al. (2020) Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 1564-1567.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2004973
|
[7]
|
Zhou, Z., Zhao, N., Shu, Y., Han, S., Chen, B. and Shu, X. (2020) Effect of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology, 158, 2294-2297.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.020
|
[8]
|
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., et al. (2020) Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395, 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
|
[9]
|
Thanh Le, T., Andreadakis, Z., Kumar, A., Gómez Román, R., Tollefsen, S., Saville, M. and Mayhew, S. (2020) The COVID-19 Vaccine Development Landscape. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 19, 305-306.
https://doi.org/10.1038/d41573-020-00073-5
|
[10]
|
WHO (2022) Draft Landscape of COVID-19 Candidate Vaccines.
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-COVID-19-candidate-vaccines
|
[11]
|
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., et al. (2020) Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study. The Lancet, 395, 507-513.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
|
[12]
|
Kumar, S., Nyodu, R., Maurya, V.K. and Saxena, S.K. (2020) Morphology, Genome Organization, Replication, and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In: Saxena, S.K., Ed., Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics, Springer, Singapore, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_3
|
[13]
|
Forchette, L., Sebastian, W. and Liu, T. (2021) A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics. Current Medical Science, 41, 1037-1051.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-021-2395-1
|
[14]
|
Neuman, B.W., Adair, B.D., Yoshioka, C., Quispe, J.D., Orca, G., Kuhn, P., et al. (2006) Supramolecular Architecture of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy. Journal of Virology, 80, 7918-7928.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00645-06
|
[15]
|
Min, L. and Sun, Q. (2021) Antibodies and Vaccines Target RBD of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 8, Article ID: 671633.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.671633
|
[16]
|
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., et al. (2020) Cryo-EM Structure of the 2019-nCoV Spike in the Prefusion Conformation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 367, 1260-1263. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507
|
[17]
|
Zang, R., Gomez Castro, M.F., McCune, B.T., Zeng, Q., Rothlauf, P.W., Sonnek, N.M., et al. (2020) TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 Promote SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Small Intestinal Enterocytes. Science Immunology, 5, eabc3582.
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abc3582
|
[18]
|
Hartenian, E., Nandakumar, D., Lari, A., Ly, M., Tucker, J.M. and Glaunsinger, B.A. (2020) The Molecular Virology of Coronaviruses. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295, 12910-12934. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930
|
[19]
|
Ou, X., Liu, Y., Lei, X., Li, P., Mi, D., Ren, L., et al. (2020) Characterization of Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus Entry and Its Immune Cross-Reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nature Communications, 11, Article No. 1620.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15562-9
|
[20]
|
Sadarangani, M., Marchant, A. and Kollmann, T.R. (2021) Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Protection against COVID-19 in Humans. Nature Reviews Immunology, 21, 475-484. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00578-z
|
[21]
|
Gudbjartsson, D.F., Norddahl, G.L., Melsted, P., Gunnarsdottir, K., Holm, H., Eythorsson, E., et al. (2020) Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 1724-1734.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2026116
|
[22]
|
Krammer, F. (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Development. Nature, 586, 516-527.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3
|
[23]
|
Ball, P. (2021) The Lightning-Fast Quest for COVID Vaccines and What It Means for Other Diseases. Nature, 589, 16-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03626-1
|
[24]
|
Ghasemiyeh, P., Mohammadi-Samani, S., Firouzabadi, N., Dehshahri, A. and Vazin, A. (2021) A Focused Review on Technologies, Mechanisms, Safety, and Efficacy of Available COVID-19 Vaccines. International Immunopharmacology, 100, Article ID: 108162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108162
|
[25]
|
Carvalho, T., Krammer, F. and Iwasaki, A. (2021) The First 12 Months of COVID-19: A Timeline of Immunological Insights. Nature Reviews Immunology, 21, 245-256.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1
|
[26]
|
Sharma, O., Sultan, A.A., Ding, H. and Triggle, C.R. (2020) A Review of the Progress and Challenges of Developing a Vaccine for COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article ID: 585354. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.585354
|
[27]
|
Philadelphia, C. o. P. o. (2022) The History of Vaccines: Vaccine Development, Testing, and Regulation.
https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccine-development-testing-and-regulation
|
[28]
|
Randolph, H.E. and Barreiro, L.B. (2020) Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19. Immunity, 52, 737-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.012
|
[29]
|
Jung, F., Krieger, V., Hufert, F.T. and Küpper, J.H. (2020) Herd Immunity or Suppression Strategy to Combat COVID-19. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 75, 13-17. https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209006
|
[30]
|
van Riel, D. and de Wit, E. (2020) Next-Generation Vaccine Platforms for COVID-19. Nature Materials, 19, 810-812. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0746-0
|
[31]
|
Nagy, A. and Alhatlani, B. (2021) An Overview of Current COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 19, 2508-2517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.061
|
[32]
|
Groenke, N., Trimpert, J., Merz, S., Conradie, A.M., Wyler, E., Zhang, H., et al. (2020) Mechanism of Virus Attenuation by Codon Pair Deoptimization. Cell Reports, 31, Article ID: 107586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107586
|
[33]
|
Broadbent, A.J., Santos, C.P., Anafu, A., Wimmer, E., Mueller, S. and Subbarao, K. (2016) Evaluation of the Attenuation, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of a Live Virus Vaccine Generated by Codon-Pair Bias De-Optimization of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus, in Ferrets. Vaccine, 34, 563-570.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.054
|
[34]
|
Frederiksen, L.S.F., Zhang, Y., Foged, C. and Thakur, A. (2020) The Long Road toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article No. 1817.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01817
|
[35]
|
Platt, L.R., Estívariz, C.F. and Sutter, R.W. (2014) Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis: A Review of the Epidemiology and Estimation of the Global Burden. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 210, S380-S389.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu184
|
[36]
|
Sumirtanurdin, R. and Barliana, M.I. (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Development: An Overview. Viral Immunology, 34, 134-144.
https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2020.0119
|
[37]
|
Chaudhary, J.K., Yadav, R., Chaudhary, P.K., Maurya, A., Kant, N., Rugaie, O.A., et al. (2021) Insights into COVID-19 Vaccine Development Based on Immunogenic Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, Host Immune Responses, and Herd Immunity. Cells, 10, Article No. 2949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10112949
|
[38]
|
Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., et al. (2020) Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate for SARS-CoV-2. Science (New York, N.Y.), 369, 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1932
|
[39]
|
Awate, S., Babiuk, L.A. and Mutwiri, G. (2013) Mechanisms of Action of Adjuvants. Frontiers in Immunology, 4, Article No. 114.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00114
|
[40]
|
He, Q., Mao, Q., Zhang, J., Bian, L., Gao, F., Wang, J., et al. (2021) COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Understanding on Immunogenicity, Safety, and Further Considerations. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Article ID: 669339.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.669339
|
[41]
|
Croda, J. and Ranzani, O.T. (2021) Booster Doses for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines: If, When, and for Whom. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 22, 430-432.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00696-4
|
[42]
|
Creech, C.B., Walker, S.C. and Samuels, R.J. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. JAMA, 325, 1318-1320. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.3199
|
[43]
|
Anand, U., Jakhmola, S., Indari, O., Jha, H.C., Chen, Z.-S., Tripathi, V. and Pérez de la Lastra, J.M. (2021) Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Article ID: 658519.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658519
|
[44]
|
Sasso, E., D’Alise, A.M., Zambrano, N., Scarselli, E., Folgori, A. and Nicosia, A. (2020) New Viral Vectors for Infectious Diseases and Cancer. Seminars in Immunology, 50, Article ID: 101430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2020.101430
|
[45]
|
Zhu, F.-C., Li, Y.-H., Guan, X.-H., Hou, L.-H., Wang, W.-J., Li, J.-X., et al. (2020) Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5 Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine: A Dose-Escalation, Open-Label, Non-Randomised, First-in-Human Trial. Lancet (London, England), 395, 1845-1854.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31208-3
|
[46]
|
Pandey, A., Singh, N., Vemula, S.V., Couëtil, L., Katz, J.M., Donis, R., et al. (2012) Impact of Preexisting Adenovirus Vector Immunity on Immunogenicity and Protection Conferred with an Adenovirus-Based H5N1 Influenza Vaccine. PLoS ONE, 7, e33428. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033428
|
[47]
|
Folegatti, P.M., Ewer, K.J., Aley, P.K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., et al. (2020) Safety and Immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Preliminary Report of a Phase 1/2, Single-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial. The Lancet, 396, 467-478.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4
|
[48]
|
Rodriguez-Coira, J. and Sokolowska, M. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Candidate Vaccines—Composition, Mechanisms of Action and Stages of Clinical Development. Allergy, 76, 1922-1924. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14714
|
[49]
|
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T.H.O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., et al. (2020) A Serological Assay to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans. Nature Medicine, 26, 1033-1036.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5
|
[50]
|
Zhang, N., Zheng, B.-J., Lu, L., Zhou, Y., Jiang, S. and Du, L. (2015) Advancements in the Development of Subunit Influenza Vaccines. Microbes and Infection, 17, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.006
|
[51]
|
Hafiz, I., Illian, D.N., Meila, O., Utomo, A.R.H., Susilowati, A., Susetya, I.E., et al. (2022) Effectiveness and Efficacy of Vaccine on Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Post Vaccination Surveillance: A Narrative Review. Vaccines, 10, 82.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010082
|
[52]
|
Zhang, J., Zeng, H., Gu, J., Li, H., Zheng, L. and Zou, Q. (2020) Progress and Prospects on Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, 8, Article No. 153.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020153
|
[53]
|
Barnes, C.O., West, A.P., Huey-Tubman, K.E., Hoffmann, M.A.G., Sharaf, N.G., Hoffman, P.R., et al. (2020) Structures of Human Antibodies Bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Reveal Common Epitopes and Recurrent Features of Antibodies. Cell, 182, 828-842.e816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.025
|
[54]
|
Li, Y., Tenchov, R., Smoot, J., Liu, C., Watkins, S. and Zhou, Q. (2021) A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development. ACS Central Science, 7, 512-533. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120
|
[55]
|
Thames, A.H., Wolniak, K.L., Stupp, S.I. and Jewett, M.C. (2020) Principles Learned from the International Race to Develop a Safe and Effective COVID-19 Vaccine. ACS Central Science, 6, 1341-1347. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00644
|
[56]
|
Chavda, V.P., Pandya, R. and Apostolopoulos, V. (2021) DNA Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Toward Third-Generation Vaccination Era. Expert Review of Vaccines, 20, 1549-1560. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1987223
|
[57]
|
Silveira, M.M., Moreira, G.M.S.G. and Mendonça, M. (2021) DNA Vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and Challenges. Life Sciences, 267, Article ID: 118919.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118919
|
[58]
|
Smith, T.R.F., Patel, A., Ramos, S., Elwood, D., Zhu, X., Yan, J., Broderick, K.E., et al. (2020) Immunogenicity of a DNA Vaccine Candidate for COVID-19. Nature Communications, 11, Article No. 2601. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16505-0
|
[59]
|
Hobernik, D. and Bros, M. (2018) DNA Vaccines—How Far from Clinical Use? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19, Article No. 3605.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113605
|
[60]
|
Pardi, N., Hogan, M.J., Porter, F.W. and Weissman, D. (2018) mRNA Vaccines—A New Era in Vaccinology. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 17, 261-279.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.243
|
[61]
|
Jackson, N.A.C., Kester, K.E., Casimiro, D., Gurunathan, S. and DeRosa, F. (2020) The Promise of mRNA Vaccines: A Biotech and Industrial Perspective. NPJ Vaccines, 5, 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0159-8
|
[62]
|
Huang, Q., Zeng, J. and Yan, J. (2021) COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 48, 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.006
|
[63]
|
Zhang, C., Maruggi, G., Shan, H. and Li, J. (2019) Advances in mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, Article No. 594.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00594
|
[64]
|
Brisse, M., Vrba, S.M., Kirk, N., Liang, Y. and Ly, H. (2020) Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article ID: 583077. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.583077
|
[65]
|
Schoenmaker, L., Witzigmann, D., Kulkarni, J.A., Verbeke, R., Kersten, G., Jiskoot, W. and Crommelin, D.J.A. (2021) mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle COVID-19 Vaccines: Structure and Stability. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 601, Article ID: 120586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120586
|
[66]
|
Vogel, A.B., Kanevsky, I., Che, Y., Swanson, K.A., Muik, A., Vormehr, M., et al. (2021) BNT162b Vaccines Protect Rhesus Macaques from SARS-CoV-2. Nature, 592, 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03275-y
|
[67]
|
Xiong, X., Qu, K., Ciazynska, K.A., Hosmillo, M., Carter, A.P., Ebrahimi, S., et al. (2020) A Thermostable, Closed SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Trimer. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 27, 934-941. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-020-0478-5
|
[68]
|
Bettini, E. and Locci, M. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines: Immunological Mechanism and Beyond. Vaccines, 9, 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020147
|
[69]
|
Pardi, N., Tuyishime, S., Muramatsu, H., Kariko, K., Mui, B.L., Tam, Y.K., et al. (2015) Expression Kinetics of Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Delivered in Lipid Nanoparticles to Mice by Various Routes. Journal of Controlled Release, 217, 345-351.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.007
|
[70]
|
Kulkarni, J.A., Witzigmann, D., Chen, S., Cullis, P.R. and van der Meel, R. (2019) Lipid Nanoparticle Technology for Clinical Translation of siRNA Therapeutics. Accounts of Chemical Research, 52, 2435-2444.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00368
|
[71]
|
Park, J.W., Lagniton, P.N.P., Liu, Y. and Xu, R.-H. (2021) mRNA Vaccines for COVID-19: What, Why and How. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 17, 1446-1460. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.59233
|
[72]
|
Liang, F., Lindgren, G., Lin, A., Thompson, E.A., Ols, S., Röhss, J., et al. (2017) Efficient Targeting and Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Vivo after Modified mRNA Vaccine Administration in Rhesus Macaques. Molecular Therapy, 25, 2635-2647.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.006
|
[73]
|
Laczkó, D., Hogan, M.J., Toulmin, S.A., Hicks, P., Lederer, K., Gaudette, B.T., et al. (2020) A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice. Immunity, 53, 724-732.e727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.019
|
[74]
|
Polack, F.P., Thomas, S.J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., et al. (2020) Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2603-2615.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
|
[75]
|
Frenck, R.W., Klein, N.P., Kitchin, N., Gurtman, A., Absalon, J., Lockhart, S., et al. (2021) Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents. The New England Journal of Medicine, 385, 239-250.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107456
|
[76]
|
Walsh, E.E., Frenck, R.W., Falsey, A.R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., et al. (2020) Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2439-2450.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
|
[77]
|
Team, C.C.-R., Food and Drug, A. (2021) Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine—United States, December 14-23, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7002e1
|
[78]
|
Shimabukuro, T. and Nair, N. (2021) Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis after Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. JAMA, 325, 780-781. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.0600
|
[79]
|
Verma, A.K., Lavine, K.J. and Lin, C.-Y. (2021) Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. The New England Journal of Medicine, 385, 1332-1334.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2109975
|
[80]
|
Kaur, S.P. and Gupta, V. (2020) COVID-19 Vaccine: A Comprehensive Status Report. Virus Research, 288, Article ID: 198114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198114
|
[81]
|
Alturki, S.O., Alturki, S.O., Connors, J., Cusimano, G., Kutzler, M.A., Izmirly, A.M. and Haddad, E.K. (2020) The 2020 Pandemic: Current SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article No. 1880.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01880
|
[82]
|
Ewer, K.J., Barrett, J.R., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Sharpe, H., Makinson, R., Morter, R., et al. (2021) T Cell and Antibody Responses Induced by a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in a Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial. Nature Medicine, 27, 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01194-5
|
[83]
|
van Doremalen, N., Lambe, T., Spencer, A., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Purushotham, J.N., Port, J.R., et al. (2020) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Rhesus Macaques. Nature, 586, 578-582.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y
|
[84]
|
Voysey, M., Clemens, S.A.C., Madhi, S.A., Weckx, L.Y., Folegatti, P.M., Aley, P.K., et al. (2021) Safety and Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: An Interim Analysis of Four Randomised Controlled Trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet (London, England), 397, 99-111.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1
|
[85]
|
Knoll, M.D. and Wonodi, C. (2021) Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy. The Lancet, 397, 72-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32623-4
|
[86]
|
Hviid, A., Hansen, J.V., Thiesson, E.M. and Wohlfahrt, J. (2022) Association of AZD1222 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination with Thromboembolic and Thrombocytopenic Events in Frontline Personnel: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, M21-2452. https://doi.org/10.7326/M21-2452
|
[87]
|
Cines, D.B. and Bussel, J.B. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2254-2256.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2106315
|
[88]
|
Dotan, A. and Shoenfeld, Y. (2021) Perspectives on Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Autoimmunity, 121, Article ID: 102663.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102663
|
[89]
|
Greinacher, A., Thiele, T., Warkentin, T.E., Weisser, K., Kyrle, P.A. and Eichinger, S. (2021) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2092-2101.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104840
|
[90]
|
Di Micco, P., Camporese, G., Cardillo, G., Lodigiani, C., Carannante, N., Annunziata, A., et al. (2021) Pathophysiology of Vaccine-Induced Prothrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia (Vipit) and Vaccine-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis (vitt) and Their Diagnostic Approach in Emergency. Medicina (Lithuania), 57, Article No. 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57100997
|
[91]
|
Scully, M., Singh, D., Lown, R., Poles, A., Solomon, T., Levi, M., et al. (2021) Pathologic Antibodies to Platelet Factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2202-2211.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2105385
|
[92]
|
Nazy, I., Jevtic, S.D., Moore, J.C., Huynh, A., Smith, J.W., Kelton, J.G. and Arnold, D.M. (2021) Platelet-Activating Immune Complexes Identified in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Suspected of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 19, 1342-1347. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15283
|
[93]
|
Ciccone, A. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 89, 19-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2021.05.026
|
[94]
|
Zieneldien, T., Kim, J., Cao, J. and Cao, C. (2021) COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Conditions and Future Prospects. Biology, 10, Article No. 960.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10100960
|
[95]
|
Fadlyana, E., Rusmil, K., Tarigan, R., Rahmadi, A.R., Prodjosoewojo, S., Sofiatin, Y., et al. (2021) A Phase III, Observer-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18-59 Years: An Interim Analysis in Indonesia. Vaccine, 39, 6520-6528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.052
|
[96]
|
Tanriover, M.D., Do?anay, H.L., Akova, M., Güner, H.R., Azap, A., Akhan, S., et al. (2021) Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Whole-Virion SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac): Interim Results of a Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial in Turkey. The Lancet, 398, 213-222.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01429-X
|
[97]
|
Hitchings, M.D.T., Ranzani, O.T., Torres, M.S.S., de Oliveira, S.B., Almiron, M., Said, R., et al. (2021) Effectiveness of CoronaVac among Healthcare Workers in the Setting of High SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant Transmission in Manaus, Brazil: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study. The Lancet Regional Health Americas.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100025
|
[98]
|
Zhang, Y., Zeng, G., Pan, H., Li, C., Hu, Y., Chu, K., et al. (2021) Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18-59 Years: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21, 181-192.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30843-4
|
[99]
|
Wu, Z., Hu, Y., Xu, M., Chen, Z., Yang, W., Jiang, Z., et al. (2021) Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) in Healthy Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21, 803-812.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30987-7
|
[100]
|
Bueno, S.M., Abarca, K., González, P.A., Gálvez, N.M.S., Soto, J.A., Duarte, L.F., et al. (2021) Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Subgroup of Healthy Adults in Chile. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciab823. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab823
|
[101]
|
Pulendran, B. and Ahmed, R. (2011) Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination. Nature Immunology, 12, 509-517. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2039
|
[102]
|
Lee, W.S., Wheatley, A.K., Kent, S.J. and DeKosky, B.J. (2020) Antibody-Dependent Enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Therapies. Nature Microbiology, 5, 1185-1191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-00789-5
|
[103]
|
Wang, S.F., Tseng, S.P., Yen, C.H., Yang, J.Y., Tsao, C.H., Shen, C.W., et al. (2014) Antibody-Dependent SARS Coronavirus Infection Is Mediated by Antibodies against Spike Proteins. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 451, 208-214.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.090
|
[104]
|
Xu, L., Ma, Z., Li, Y., Pang, Z. and Xiao, S. (2021) Antibody Dependent Enhancement: Unavoidable Problems in Vaccine Development. Advances in Immunology, 151, 99-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2021.08.003
|
[105]
|
Halstead, S.B. (2021) Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Viral Disease: Implications for Viral Vaccine Development. BioDrugs: Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy, 35, 505-515.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40259-021-00495-6
|