Streptococcus pneumoniae Upper Respiratory Carriage in Costa Rican Children with Otitis Media before the Introduction of the Heptavalent Conjugated Vaccine in the National Immunization Program ()
Affiliation(s)
Instituto de Atención Pediátrica, San José, Costa Rica.
Instituto de Atención Pediátrica, San José, Costa Rica; Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, San José, Costa Rica.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The
aim of this study was to analyze the NP/OP S.
pneumoniae serotype distribution and potential vaccine coverage in Costa
Rican children with Otitis Media (OM) before the introduction of PCV-7 in the National Immunization Program
(NIP). Methods: Between 2002 and
2006, NP and OP samples were obtained from 641 children from 6 to 79 months of
age, at the time of OM diagnosis. S.
pneumoniae serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed. Results: 386 S. pneumoniae isolates were recovered. The most common S. pneumoniae serotypes (ST) were: ST
6B, ST 14, ST 19F.
Penicillin non-susceptibility was observed among 57% of the isolates obtained
from children < 24 months of age. 15% strains were multidrug resistant. Potential
vaccine coverage was: PCV-7: 60%; PCV-10: 62%; and PCV-13: 76% and against
penicillin non-susceptible and multidrug resistant isolates was: PCV-7; 59% and
83%, respectively; PCV-10: 60% and 85%, respectively and PCV-13: 74% and 96%,
respectively. Conclusions: S. pneumoniae was isolated from the NP
and/or OP in the majority (59%) of studied children with OM. At a statistical
significant level, only serotype 3 was more frequently isolated among children
>24 months of age. Antibiotic non-susceptibility and MDR were significantly
higher in children <24 months of age. This study demonstrates that PCV-13
offers the highest potential vaccine coverage and serves to assess the impact
of introduction of one of the conjugated vaccines in the NIP in Costa Rica.
Share and Cite:
Ulloa, C. , Pereira, A. , Soley, C. , Porat, N. , Abdelnour, A. , Dagan, R. and Arguedas, A. (2013)
Streptococcus pneumoniae Upper Respiratory Carriage in Costa Rican Children with Otitis Media before the Introduction of the Heptavalent Conjugated Vaccine in the National Immunization Program.
World Journal of Vaccines,
3, 39-45. doi:
10.4236/wjv.2013.32007.