Author(s)

Gnabro Gnakouri Alain-Pacome^1,3*, Vodi Clément Cyrille^1,3, Kramo Nykan Félicité^1,3, Ehui Yannick^2,3, Fofana Abroulaye^1,3, Drabo Ali^1,3, Coulibaly Issoufou^1,3, Konan Kevin^1,3, Kouamé Benjamin^1,3, Dekou Angoran Hyjin^1,3

¹Urology Department, The University Hospital Center of Cocody, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
²Anatomical Pathology Department, the University Hospital Center of Cocody, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
³University Félix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Background: Tuberculous orchitis is a rare form of genitourinary tuberculosis that can closely mimic testicular malignancy, particularly in endemic regions. Its nonspecific clinical and radiological features often lead to delayed diagnosis and unnecessary orchidectomy. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 37-year-old man presenting with a four-month history of progressive, painless testicular cancer with pulmonary metastases, leading to the left inguinal orchidectomy. Histopathological examination, however, revealed granulomatous inflammation with caseating necrosis, consistent with tuberculous orchitis. The patient responded favorably to standard anti-tubercular therapy, with resolution of contralateral epididymal involvement within four weeks. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnosis dilemma of testicular tuberculosis and emphasizes the critical role of histopathological examination in distinguishing it from malignancy. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in atypical testicular masses in endemic regions, as timely medical therapy may prevent unnecessary surgery and preserve testicular function.

Tuberculous Orchitis, Differential Diagnosis, Testicular Cancer Histopathology, Orchidectomy, Anti-Tubercular Therapy

Alain-Pacome, G. , Cyrille, V. , Félicité, K. , Yannick, E. , Abroulaye, F. , Ali, D. , Issoufou, C. , Kevin, K. , Benjamin, K. and Hyjin, D. (2025) Tuberculous Orchitis Mimicking Testicular Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review. Open Journal of Urology, 15, 531-539. doi: 10.4236/oju.2025.1511053.