Author(s)

Christ Harvain Kaya-Kimpolo^1,2*, Ghislain Loubano-Voumbi^1,2, Landry Martial Miguel¹, Childérick Lekana³, Destin Mbemba-Bahaboula¹, Evrard Missamou¹, Kelly Mayassi¹, Bleine J. Makele-Mabika², Alain Ngabogo-Lyly⁴, Ange Antoine Abena^1,3

¹Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
²Medical Analysis Laboratory, Dolisie General Hospital, Dolisie, Republic of Congo.
³Pharmacology Laboratory, Dénis SASSOU-NGUESSO University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
⁴Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Dolisie Military Hospital, Dolisie, Republic of Congo.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and lipid abnormalities contributing to cardiovascular risk. Integrated indices such as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and the Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) offer a synthetic assessment of cardiometabolic risk, but their exploration associated with leptin and β-cell function remains limited in experimental models. This study aimed to evaluate advanced biochemical, hormonal, and lipid changes induced by alloxan in Wistar rats. Methods: Twelve male rats were divided into two groups: normoglycemic controls and alloxan-induced diabetics (150 mg/kg, i.p.). Measurements of blood glucose, insulin, leptin, and serum lipids were performed on day 14. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, AIP, and TyG indices were calculated. Statistical analyses used the Mann–Whitney test and linear correlation. Results: Diabetic rats showed significant hyperglycemia (p < 0.001), insulinopenia with decreased HOMA-β (p < 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.004), and decreased HDL-C (p = 0.03). AIP (p = 0.002) and TyG (p = 0.006) were elevated. Blood glucose correlated positively with AIP (r = 0.80; p = 0.013), and insulin with HOMA-IR (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Leptin did not show significant correlations. Alloxan hyperglycemia induces a pro-atherogenic metabolic signature. AIP and TyG indices are relevant integrated markers of experimental cardiometabolic risk.

Experimental Diabetes, Alloxan, Lipid Indices, Leptin

Kaya-Kimpolo, C. , Loubano-Voumbi, G. , Miguel, L. , Lekana, C. , Mbemba-Bahaboula, D. , Missamou, E. , Mayassi, K. , Makele-Mabika, B. , Ngabogo-Lyly, A. and Abena, A. (2025) Hormonal Profile and Advanced Lipid Indices (AIP, TYG) in Experimental Hyperglycemia with Alloxan Monohydrate in Wistar Rats. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 15, 203-216. doi: 10.4236/ojemd.2025.1510019.