Author(s)

Roch Bredin Bissala Nkounkou^1,2,3*, Estelle Géraldine Essangui Same¹, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko⁴, Austin Mas Ngoulou Ntsiba⁵, Elisée Embolo Enyegue⁶, Luc Magloire Anicet Boumba^2,7,8, Fabien Roch Niama⁹, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko^1,10

¹Pathogens, Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
²Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
³Medical Biology Laboratory, Djiri General Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
⁴Center for Expertise and Research in Applied Biology (CERBA), Douala, Cameroon.
⁵National Onchocerciasis Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo.
⁶Center for Research in Health and Priority Diseases, Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon.
⁷Pointe-Noire Research Zone, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo.
⁸Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Loandjili General Hospital.
⁹Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
¹⁰Yaoundé Pasteur Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a virosis that affects women with genotypes that can lead to cervical cancer under the impetus of certain external factors such as early sexual intercourse, prolonged use of oral contraceptives and expression of cytokines at high concentrations. This study, which took place in Pointe-Noire and Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, between 7 December 2019 and 20 September 2021, involved a population of 250 young women in schools and in medical consultations. The prevalence of HPV using the GèneXpert real-time PCR technique is estimated at 38%, with a predominance of genotype 16 (38.9%). Concentrations of the cytokines TNFα and IL18 were measured using the ELISA technique, giving concentrations of 266.2 ng/mL and 89.5 ng/mL respectively. We noted a significant association between HPV carriage and the two cytokines in our study (P = 0.00017 and P ˂ 0.0001 for TNFα and IL18 respectively) as the median concentrations of the two cytokines were significantly higher in participants infected with HPV compared with those who were not. Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) values for TNFα (0.66) and IL18 (0.75) showed that IL18 was more sensitive than TNFα for the clinical prognosis of participants infected with HPV. This cytokine is a good marker for HPV infection in our study. In conclusion, this study highlights the high prevalence of HPV in young people and the extreme probability of exposure of the participants to cervical cancer. It calls for increased preventive action against HPV in this juvenile population.

Epidemiology, Papillomavirus, TNFα, IL18, Young Congolese Women, Sexually, Active

Nkounkou, R. , Same, E. , Foko, L. , Ntsiba, A. , Enyegue, E. , Boumba, L. , Niama, F. and Moukoko, C. (2025) Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus and the Role of the Cytokines TNF-Alpha and IL-18 in Sexually Active Young Congolese Women. American Journal of Molecular Biology, 15, 239-261. doi: 10.4236/ajmb.2025.153017.