Author(s)

Emmanuel Anu Thompson^1*, Evans Tetteh Akoto¹, Herman Benjamin Atuobi², Pan Lu¹, Cephas Kenneth Abbew³

¹Department of Transportation, Logistics, and Finance, Upper Great Plain Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
²Department of Transportation, Logistics, and Finance, College of Business, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
³College of Transport and Communication, Shanghai Maritime University (Lingang Campus), Shanghai, China.

Integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) and autonomous parking spaces (APS) marks a transformative development in urban mobility and sustainability. This paper reflects on these technologies’ historical evolution, current interdependence, and future potential through the lens of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Historically, parking systems evolved from manual designs to automated processes yet remained focused on convenience rather than sustainability. Presently, advancements in smart infrastructure and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication have enabled AVs and APS to operate as a cohesive system, optimizing space, energy, and transportation efficiency. Looking ahead, the seamless integration of AVs and APS into broader smart city ecosystems promises to redefine urban landscapes by repurposing traditional parking infrastructure into multifunctional spaces and supporting renewable energy initiatives. These technologies align with global sustainability goals by mitigating emissions, reducing urban sprawl, and fostering adaptive land uses. This reflection highlights the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to address regulatory and technological challenges, ensuring the equitable and efficient deployment of AVs and APS for smarter, greener cities.

Autonomous Vehicles, Autonomous Parking Spaces, Sustainability, Smart Infrastructure

Thompson, E. , Akoto, E. , Atuobi, H. , Lu, P. and Abbew, C. (2025) Synergizing Urban Mobility: The Interplay between Autonomous Vehicles and Autonomous Parking Spaces for Sustainable Development. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 15, 50-59. doi: 10.4236/jtts.2025.151003.