Author(s)

Pascale Mpono Emenguele^1,2*, Henri Léonard Mol¹, Vanina Ngono Akam^1,2, Serge Robert Nyada^1,2, Yves Bertrand Kasia², Claude Hector Mbia¹, Roosevelt Dongmo¹, Etienne Belinga^1,2, Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua^1,2, Jean Marie Kasia^1,2

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHRACERH, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Background: Submucosal myomas can be responsible for abnormal bleeding, spontaneous abortions or even infertility. Objectives: This study aimed to study the correlation between the diagnosis and classification of submucosal fibroids at hysterosonography and at hysteroscopy at Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Included were the files of patients in whom a hysteroscopy for uterine cavity evaluation was done from the 1^st of January 2020 to the 31^st of July 2022. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2013. Hysterosonographic findings were compared to those of hysteroscopy using Cohen’s kappa inter-observer agreement test. Results: A total of 104 women had available hysterosonography results prior to diagnostic hysteroscopy. The ages of the participants ranged from 26 to 65 years with a mean age of 39.92 ± 7.02 years. A total of 69 submucosal fibroids were identified at hysterosonography and 47 (68.1%) were found at hysteroscopy. There was agreement between the two methods in 13/17 (76.5%) cases of FIGO 0 fibroids, 21/30 (70.0%) of FIGO 1 fibroids and 13/22 (59.1%) of FIGO 2 fibroids. The overall agreement was moderate with a kappa coefficient of 0.478 (p < 0.001). The best level of agreement was achieved in classifying FIGO 0 fibroids, and the level of agreement decreased with increasing degree of myometrial involvement. There was an overall statistically significant association between visualisation of fibroids at hysterosonography and at hysteroscopy (OR = 7.44, 95% CI: 2.49 - 22.27, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results present hysteroscopy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of submucosal myomas, but clinicians need to recognize utility of hysterosonography in certain situations.

Submucosal Fibroids, Hysterosonography, Hysteroscopy, Correlation

Emenguele, P. , Mol, H. , Akam, V. , Nyada, S. , Kasia, Y. , Mbia, C. , Dongmo, R. , Belinga, E. , Ndoua, C. and Kasia, J. (2024) Correlation between Hysterosonography and Hysteroscopy in the Diagnosis of Submucosal Fibroids in Women Attending the Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH). Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14, 1775-1785. doi: 10.4236/ojog.2024.1411146.