Acetone Extract of Dioscorea alata Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Cancer Cells - American Journal of Plant Sciences

AJPS > Vol.12 No.3, March 2021

American Journal of Plant Sciences

Volume 12, Issue 3 (March 2021)

ISSN Print: 2158-2742 ISSN Online: 2158-2750

Google-based Impact Factor: 1.57 Citations

Acetone Extract of Dioscorea alata Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Cancer Cells ()

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DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2021.123019 795 Downloads 1,935 Views Citations

Author(s)

Kenroy Wallace¹, Helen Asemota^1,2, Wesley Gray^2,3

Affiliation(s)

¹Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Biochemistry Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica.
²Biotechnology Centre University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica.
³Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

ABSTRACT

Dioscorea spp., White Yam has been shown to exhibit a wide range of nutritional and medicinal properties. However, the compounds associated with its medicinal functions have not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to generate a chemoinformatic profile of the bioactive compounds present in Dioscorea. alata (D. alata) and to characterize their putative anti-cancer properties using prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cells. Chemoinformatic profiling of D. alata resulted in five bioactive extracts: hexane (DaJa-1), ether (DaJa-2), acetone (DaJa-3), ethanol (DaJa-4) and water (DaJa-5) were generated. The analytes present in the five bioactive extracts were dissolved in 0.1% DMSO and their anti-cancer activity were determined. We observed that the acetone extract (DaJa3) was the only extract capable of inducing greater than 90% cell death of DU 145 cell at 100 μg/mL. The order of growth inhibition of the extracts in DU-145 cell is DaJa-3 (IC50, 31.45 μg/mL) > DaJa-4 (IC50 60 μg/mL) > DaJa-1 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-2 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-5 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL). MTT cell viability, dye exclusion, caspase activity and microscopic assessment of apoptotic cells demonstrated that DaJa-3 displayed cytotoxicity to both lung and prostate cancer cells. The A549 cells were more sensitive toward DaJa-3 with an IC₅₀ value of 22.28 μg/mL (CI 28.42 to 36.63 μg/mL), compared to that of DU145 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 31.45 μg/mL (CI 27.58 to 35.86 μg/mL). It was also observed that DaJa-3 induces differential anti-proliferative activity in the cancer cells. The apoptotic response induced by DaJa-3 paralleled the level of cell cytotoxicity observed in both cell lines. DaJa-3 induces G₂ phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells but G₁ arrest in A549 cells. The level of key apoptotic regulator proteins was upregulated, suggested that DaJa-3 may be mediating its anti-cancer effect through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Altogether, our data indicates that DaJa-3 derived from a staple food source (white Yam) contains unique active compounds that have specific biological properties that may prevent certain types of cancer or specific types of cancer.

KEYWORDS

Dioscorea alata, Acetone Extract, Anticancer Activity, White Yam

Share and Cite:

Wallace, K. , Asemota, H. and Gray, W. (2021) Acetone Extract of Dioscorea alata Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Cancer Cells. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 12, 300-314. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2021.123019.

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