Author(s)

Weiqiang Xiao¹, Peiqing Li², Yuzhi Yao³, Sida Yang⁴, Suyun Li², Shuyao Ning⁵, Hongsheng Liu^1*

¹Department of Pediatric Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
²Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
³Department of Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
⁴Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
⁵Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) can perform as varying patterns of neuroimaging. Central brain herniation (CBH) secondary to IAE is rare; it may be a bad prognosis. Here, we presented a 4-year-old girl with influenza who had a pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) history; she performed the second Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on Day 6 from onset, showed the diffuse edema and the occurrence of central herniation; the medulla was “Z-like” folded and the basal cisterns were obliterated completely. Finally she was declared dead. The imbalance between supratentorial and infratentorial pressure can lead to the occurrence of CBH. Severe edema relates to IAE and unstable structure of the posterior fossa might be the main reason for the herniation. MRI is helpful in early diagnosis. Early treatment of cerebral edema in patients with congenital abnormalities of the posterior fossa is vital for their management.

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Central Brain Herniation, Influenza-Related Encephalopathy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Xiao, W. , Li, P. , Yao, Y. , Yang, S. , Li, S. , Ning, S. and Liu, H. (2020) Central Brain Herniation Secondary to Influenza-Related Encephalopathy in a Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Child: A Case Report and Review. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 10, 257-264. doi: 10.4236/jbbs.2020.106016.