Author(s)

Wayne J. Arendt^1*, R. Cary Tuckfield², Juan Carlos Martínez-Sánchez^3,4, Jennifer L. Reidy⁵, Frank R. Thompson III⁶, Joseph M. Wunderle Jr.¹, José Manuel Zolotoff³

¹USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Sabana Field Research Station, Luquillo, PR, USA.
²ECOSTATys LLC, Aiken, SC, USA.
³Fundación Cocibolca, Managua, Nicaragua.
⁴Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
⁶North Central Research Station, 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

We used a distance-sampling survey method and multivariate statistics to obtain a unique estimate of bird species density and seasonal variation in shade-coffee plantations. Our aim was to determine which cultivation practices among plantations contribute most to bird abundance. We conducted avian species counts at 200 points distributed across 10 shade-coffee plantations bordering the lower slopes of the Mombacho Volcano Natural Reserve, in western Nicaragua. We measured vegetation structure (coffee plants and overstory). We used principal components analysis (PCA) among 14 habitat variables to derive a single phyto-geoclimate summary measure (PGSM). We also used PCA to derive an avian abundance summary measure (AASM) from three bird survey variables, which proved to be a good predictor of bird density. We found higher bird species densities (AASM) in organic and traditional polyculture shade coffee plantations whose structurally complex and diverse overstory could be verified by PGSM. However, this finding was true only for birds that were habitat specialists. Our results provide further evidence for promoting organic coffee cultivation practices that maintain a structurally diverse overstory and help retain avian species richness and abundance in coffee plantations.

Bird Density, Coffee Cultivation Practices, Monoculture, Organic, Polyculture, Spatial Distribution, Species Richness

Arendt, W. , Tuckfield, R. , Martínez-Sánchez, J. , Reidy, J. , Thompson III, F. , Wunderle Jr., J. and Zolotoff, J. (2020) Avian Community Density and Distribution Patterns among Nicaraguan Conventional and Organic Shade-Coffee Plantations. Agricultural Sciences, 11, 27-53. doi: 10.4236/as.2020.111003.