Author(s)

Afshan Nisar¹, Amanullah Lail², Darkhshan Nisar³, Syed Abdul Waheed¹, Nausheen Saifullah¹, Ghulamullah Lail⁴

¹Department of Chest Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
²Department of Pediatrics, Dow University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
³Department of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁴Department of Medicine and Allied, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Pakistan. Our country ranks fifth in tuberculosis high-burden countries worldwide. Hyponatremia is considered as one of the most common and important electrolyte abnormality in Pulmonary TB (PTB) patients. This study will show the prevalence of hyponatremia in PTB in our population. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hyponatremia in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study at Jinnah postgraduate medical centre Karachi from August 2017 to August 2018. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients with TB admitted in chest ward were enrolled. Patients having tuberculous meningitis, syndrome of inappropriate Ant diuretic hormone (SIADH), Renal failure, pneumonia, Cirrhosis taking medicines (diuretics, ACEI, and ARBs) were excluded. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to assess hyponatremia and its potential causes other than TB. Chi-square or Fischer exact test was used to identify factors associated with hyponatremia. Results: Ninety-six patients with mean age were 40.14 ± 13.02 years (ranging 18 - 65 years). Predominantly, patients were females 50 (52.08%). Overall Serum Na, Mean ± SD was 130.53 ± 6.99 (Ranging 110 - 146). Sixty one patients (63.5%) were younger than 40 years. Forty patients (41.66%) were smokers: 16 (16.7%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), and 15 (15.6%) had hypertension. Sixty-nine (71.87%) patients had hyponatremia of which 45 (73.77%) were less than 40 years (p = 0.375). Diabetes mellitus, female gender, smoking, hypertension and duration of disease were not associated with increased risk of hyponatremia having P Values: p = 0.082, p = 0.39, p = 0.57, p = 0.20 and p = 0.45 respectively. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is associated with tuberculosis and is more common with diabetes, hypertension, smoking and young age.

Hyponatremia, Tuberculosis, Electrolyte Imbalance, Tuberculosis

Nisar, A. , Lail, A. , Nisar, D. , Waheed, S. , Saifullah, N. and Lail, G. (2019) The Prevalence of Hyponatremia in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients, a Tertiary Care Hospital Experience from Pakistan. Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 7, 259-266. doi: 10.4236/jtr.2019.74026.