The main objective of this paper is to identify and critically examine the main cultural and political prerequisites that the Oromo nation needs to achieve its objectives of political sovereignty and egalitarian democracy and to protect its national interest. First, the paper briefly provides background information on the Oromo cultural and institutional foundations. Second, it identifies and explains the major challenges that Oromo nationalists need to overcome to fulfill the objectives of the Oromo national movement. Third, the piece deals with the current cultural and political strengths and challenges and the main ideological and political roadmaps, which are necessary to fully achieve the political objectives of the Oromo nation and to protect the Oromo national interest.