Author(s)

Ashraf A. Zahran¹, M. Ismail Ibrahim², Alaa El-Din Ramadan³, M. M. Ibrahim^4*

¹Department of Natural Resources and Planning to Development, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, El Sadat University, Sadat City, Egypt.
²Matroh Branch Affairs, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
³Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
⁴Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

In this study, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were measured in seven sites representing different activities (the same sites of EEAA monitoring stations) in addition to eighth site that used as a background. All results were higher than AQLs of EEAA, US/EPA, and EC although PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are considered to be a direct cause of cardiovascular diseases as well as lead to death and it may be a reason for a number of chest diseases in short-term as well as long-term. Results were compared to the Air Quality Forecast system which developed by EEAA and AQI which created by US/EPA was calculated for some PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. Probable potential anthropogenic sources for such high concentrations of PM included unpaved roads, indiscriminate demolition and construction work, industrial activities, and solid wastes. This study resulted in a number of suggestions and recommendations include: 1) Implementation of integrated ISO 26000 and ISO 14001, 2) EIMP/EEAA monitoring stations need restructuring plan to cover all areas in Alexandria, 3) EIMP/EEAA must be supported with PM_2.5 monitors, 4) PM control systems must be used in all industrial activities to reduce PM pollution from the source, 5) AQL of PM_2.5 in the ambient environment must be reduced and it must be included in the working environment parameters, 6) Environmental law must be applied strictly, and 7) Multidisciplinary co-operation especially between environment and public health specialists must be increased.

Air Pollution, PM, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, Air Quality Forecast, Air Quality Index, Human Health

Zahran, A. , Ibrahim, M. , Ramadan, A. and Ibrahim, M. (2018) Air Quality Indices, Sources and Impact on Human Health of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Protection, 9, 1237-1261. doi: 10.4236/jep.2018.912078.