Author(s)

Laura Clarke^1,2, Simon L. Broadley^1,2, Thao Nguyen^3,4, Samantha Johnston^3,4, Natalie Eaton^3,4, Donald Staines^3,4, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik^3,4*

¹School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
²Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia.
³The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
⁴School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes have reported to be implicated in the pathomechanism of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Several investigators have observed reduced peripheral numbers, reduced cytotoxic activity, and altered CD56^Dim and CD56^Bright NK cell phenotypes. This current project, for the first time, investigates the NK cell cytotoxicity, calcium mobilisation and transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) surface expression. Methods: NK cell cytotoxic activity and calcium signaling were examined in CD56^Dim and CD56^Bright NK cells before and after stimulation using Ionomycin, Pregnenolone sulphate, 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Thapsigargin. Purified NK cells were labelled with antibodies to determine TRPM3, CD69 and CD107a surface expression using flow cytometry. Results: Twenty-two MS patients and 22 healthy controls were recruited for this project. Twelve of the 22 previously received Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada®) and the remaining ten reported nil medication. We report TRPM3 was significantly increased in untreated MS patients compared with healthy controls and treated MS patients (p-value 0.034). There was a significant decrease in CD69 surface expression on CD56^Dim NK cell phenotype for untreated MS patients (p-value 0.031) and treated MS patients (p-value 0.036). We report altered calcium mobilisation in CD56^Bright NK cells and to a lesser extent CD56^Dim NK cells between healthy controls, treated and untreated MS patients. Conclusion: This investigation suggests variations in TRPM3 expression and calcium mobilisation of NK cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. Further investigation is required to determine the mechanism by which alemtuzumab alters calcium signaling in NK cells.

Natural Killer Cells, Multiple Sclerosis, Calcium Signalling, Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Ion Channels

Clarke, L. , Broadley, S. , Nguyen, T. , Johnston, S. , Eaton, N. , Staines, D. and Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2018) Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 and Intracellular Calcium in Natural Killer Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 541-565. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2018.97047.