Author(s)

Walter Petry

Mathematical Institute, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.

Gravitation in flat space-time is described as field and studied in several articles. In addition to the flat space-time metric a quadratic form formally similar to that of general relativity defines the proper-time. The field equations for the gravitational field are non-linear differential equations of second order in divergence form and have as source the total energy-momentum tensor (inclusive that of gravitation). The total energy-momentum is conserved. It implies the equations of motion for matter in this field. The application of the theory gives for weak fields to measurable accuracy the same results as general relativity. The results of cosmological models are quite different from those of general relativity. The beginning of the universe starts from uniformly distributed gravitational energy without matter and radiation which is generated in the course of time. The solution is given in the pseudo-Euclidean metric, i.e. space is flat and non-expanding. There are non-singular solutions, i.e. no big bang. The redshift is a gravitational effect and not a Doppler effect. Gravitation is explained as field with attractive property and the condensed gravitational field converts to matter, radiation, etc. in the universe whereas the total energy is conserved. There is no contraction and no expansion of the universe.

Gravitation, Flat Space-Time, Cosmology, No Singularity, No Big Bang, Non-Expanding Universe, No Doppler Effect

Petry, W. (2018) Gravitational Energy and No Big Bang Starts the Universe. Journal of Modern Physics, 9, 1441-1447. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2018.97088.