Author(s)

K. Aaron Shaw¹, Justin M. Hire¹, David S. Kauvar², Dana Olszewski³, Joshua S. Murphy³

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA, USA.
²Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
³Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Orthopedics of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Background: Surgical treatment for neuromuscular (NM) hip subluxation or dislocation is undertaken to maintain functionality and decrease pain. Longterm complications are well described; however, the acute complication profile is poorly understood. Questions/Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the rate of and risk factors for complications following surgical treatment of hip subluxation/dislocation, especially as it relate to NM children. Methods: Hip reconstruction cases in patients with a NM diagnosis and non-NM patients were obtained from the 2015 American College of Surgeons NSQIP-Pediatric database by CPT code. 30-day postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system as minor (grade 1 or 2) or major (grade 3+). Patient and surgical factors were assessed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for association with post-operative complications. Results: 1081 cases were identified (median age 7.7, 55% female), of whom 420 (39%) had a NM diagnosis. Overall complication rate was significantly higher in NM patients (33% vs. 19%, p < 0.001). Numerous factors were associated with postoperative complication on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified NM diagnosis (OR 1.5), age > 6 years (OR 1.5), or pelvic osteotomy (OR 1.9) as independent risk factors for complication. Conclusion: In pediatric reconstructive hip surgery requiring pelvic osteotomy, a NM diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative complications. Older age and increasing surgical complexity were also independently associated with complications. These findings support special attention for the older patients undergoing concomitant pelvic osteotomies to minimize complication rate.

Hip Subluxation, Hip Dislocation, Surgical Complications, Pediatric, NSQIP-P

Shaw, K. , Hire, J. , Kauvar, D. , Olszewski, D. and Murphy, J. (2018) Perioperative Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment of the Neuromuscular Hip: An Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program—Pediatrics. Open Journal of Orthopedics, 8, 24-32. doi: 10.4236/ojo.2018.81003.