Author(s)

Vivek Pandey^1*, Marisha Sharma¹, Farah Deeba¹, Vivek K. Maurya¹, Sunil K. Gupta¹, Satyendra P. Singh², Aradhana Mishra², Chandra Shekhar Nautiyal²

¹Plant Ecology & Environmental Sciences, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
²Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.

Impact of elevated CO₂ (free air CO₂ enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO₂ significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO₂. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO₂ enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO₂ condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO₂ wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO₂ while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO₂ were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India.

Carbon Dioxide, FACE, Wheat, Proteomics, Grain Yield, Soil Microbes

Pandey, V. , Sharma, M. , Deeba, F. , Maurya, V. , Gupta, S. , Singh, S. , Mishra, A. and Nautiyal, C. (2017) Impact of Elevated CO₂ on Wheat Growth and Yield under Free Air CO₂ Enrichment. American Journal of Climate Change, 6, 573-596. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2017.64029.