Author(s)

Basheer Al-Sanouri¹, Basheer Al-Sanouri¹, Yahya Maslamani², Ibrahim Al-Sanouri³

¹College of Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
²Department of Adult Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology, Gunderson Health System, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI, USA.

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a rare disorder that is characterized by hypereosinophilia with increased number of blood or marrow blasts (>5% and <20%). CEL is distinguished from hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) by the presence of eosinophilic clonality. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia not otherwise specified (CEL-NOS) diagnosis is made when no fusion genes are detected by most modern molecular testing, particularly the most common fusion gene FIP1L-1/PDGFRA (Factor Interacting with PAP like-1/Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha). This disease is very rare, and its description in the literature is not well characterized. We report a fetal case of severe CEL-NOS in a 19-year-old male who presented with a plethora of clinical features consists of constitutional symptoms, pancytopenia, intravascular thrombosis, acute stroke and endomyocardial infiltrates. The course of his disease was aggressive and resistant to conventional treatment. After a short period of improvement, an acute transformation into blast crisis (BC) had occurred. The diagnosis was confirmed by morphology and immunophenotyping of bone marrow biopsy. The patient eventually died of heart failure and sepsis. To our knowledge this is the first case report of fatal CEL-NOS transforming into severe blast crisis.

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES), Eosinophils Degranulation, WHO World Health Organization Classification, Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Not Other-wise Specified (CEL-NOS), Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Imatinib, Acute Transformation into Blast Crisis

Al-Sanouri, B. , Al-Sanouri, B. , Maslamani, Y. and Al-Sanouri, I. (2016) A Fatal Case of Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified (CEL-NOS) in a 19-Year-Old Male with Acute Transformation into Blast Crisis. Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, 5, 528-540. doi: 10.4236/crcm.2016.512067.