Author(s)

Hofit Itzhak-Ben-Shalom¹, Rana Samuels^2*, Oded Potchter³, Pinhas Alpert²

¹The Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
²Department of Geosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
³Department of Geography and the Human Environment, Tel-Aviv University and Department of Geography, Beit-Berl Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

During periods of global warming (GW), expected increases in urban temperatures can have adverse impacts on city climate and thermal discomfort due to combined urban and global warming effects. The different climates in four cities in Israel are studied for the purpose of differentiating global vs. urban warming. Trends in urban and nearby rural areas were compared in order to estimate the urbanization effect on the local climate zones. Daily 06:00 and 15:00 Local Time (LT) temperatures for July 1980-2014 were investigated. The linear relationship between the urban warming and population growth observed in present climate data is assumed to continue into the near future. The Regional Climate Model (RegCM) temperature trends into the 21st century are assumed to represent primarily the GW because of the relatively coarse grid interval of 25 km. Hence, this study first differentiates between global and local warming past trends, and then uses this past result to make future projections that consider both factors. A unique feature of this study is the large climatic variety over Israel—a small country that encompasses no less than 5 different K?ppen climatic zones. The urban minus rural temperature (1980-2014) changes, ΔTu-r, show more intense warming in the afternoon in all 4 cities. For instance, in Jerusalem and Eilat, the ΔTu-r has increased by ~1.2°C. Following the RegCM predictions, by 2060 with “No population growth”, this temperature increase is expected to continue, by 1.114°C and 1.119°C, respectively. If, however, these cities grow rapidly, air temperature will increase by 2.937°C - 4.129°C and 2.778°C - 3.939°C, respectively.

Urban Warming, Climatic Change, Future Prediction, Global Warming, Israeli Cities

Itzhak-Ben-Shalom, H. , Samuels, R. , Potchter, O. and Alpert, P. (2016) Recent Trends and Future Predictions until 2060 of Urban Warming in Four Israeli Cities Employing the RegCM Climate Model. American Journal of Climate Change, 5, 464-484. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2016.54034.