Author(s)

Tatiana A. Yakhno^1*, Anatoly A. Sanin¹, Robert G. Ilyazov², Gulusa V. Vildanova², Rafat A. Khamzin³, Nadezhda P. Astascheva⁴, Mikhail G. Markovsky⁵, Vadim D. Bashirov⁶, Vladimir G. Yakhno¹

¹Department of Radiophysical Methods in Medicine, Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
²Department of Agricultural Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (AS RT), Kazan, Russia.
³Department of Biotechnology and Standardization, Bauman Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (KSAVM), Kazan, Russia.
⁴Department of Technique and Technology, Financial Technological Academy (FTA), Moscow Region, Korolyev, Russia.
⁵Department of Trial Wine-Making, North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NCZRIH & V), Krasnodar, Russia.
⁶Department of Food Biotechnology, Orenburg State University (OSU), Orenburg, Russia.

Usual response of organism to viral or bacterial invasion represents antibodies production, qualitative and quantitative changes in composition of biological fluids. These changes influence conformation and surface characteristics of macromolecules (proteins), which become apparent in sessile drying drops, when they form aggregates due to salting-out effect and sediment. The bottom adsorption layers change their adhesive and viscoelastic properties in time depending on fluid composition and structure. The aim of this study was verification the idea of using this phenomenon in rapid vet diagnostics. Milk, blood and serum samples of 183 cows were tested using Drop Drying Technology (DDT). A drop of tested fluid dried on a polished quartz plate, oscillated with constant frequency—60 kHz. Mechanical properties of the drop changed during drying, influenced the electrical conductivity of the quartz plate. This signal was converted to the Acoustical- Mechanical Impedance (AMI) and displayed as a curve in coordinates AMI vs. Time. Shape of the AMI curve reflected this dynamics, and was used as a target for quantitative comparison between control and infected animals. Frequency analysis of the estimated parameters of the curves was performed using features of the Excel program. Powerful method of artificial neural network processing of the experimental data was also tested in this work as a possible tool for future development. Significant differences between control, Bovine leucosis virus positive (BLV+) and Bovine tuberculin positive (BTub+) cattle groups were obtained using all biological fluids—blood, serum and milk. We fixed also a season shift of the data, but distinction between groups still remained. In serum and milk some features of the AMI curves were more stable, and retained diagnostic properties when combined winter and spring databases. Further development of DDT is proposed.

Sessile Drying Drops, Biological Fluids, Dynamics of Mechanical Properties, Acoustical Impedancemetry, Vet Diagnostics

Yakhno, T. , Sanin, A. , Ilyazov, R. , Vildanova, G. , Khamzin, R. , Astascheva, N. , Markovsky, M. , Bashirov, V. and Yakhno, V. (2015) Drying Drop Technology as a Possible Tool for Detection Leukemia and Tuberculosis in Cattle. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 8, 1-23. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2015.81001.