The paper addresses challenges on organization and funding of research and development (http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=110&t=4200527_2_1&sc=0 R&D) in the agricultural sector. The necessity of modernization and reequipment of agricultural sector was validated, which is important sector in the economy of Uzbekistan. The paper covers issues on increasing investments in agricultural research, implementation of results of research work into the agriculture production, strengthening of innovative activities. Also, the possibility of nonstate budgetary financing of scientificresearch process in the agrarian sector was considered. Author’s view is given on the main directions of science that need to be supported as a foundation of further development of agricultural R&D and as a result the agricultural production.