Since the antiquity, and on an empirical basis, man has accumulated experience on the benefits and risks of minerals (such as, special clay, mud and sand) and other mineral resources (such as, salt, sea water, spring water, underground water, volcanic emissions and dust) on human health. Man and minerals are chemical systems sharing a common composition, comprising major, minor and trace chemical elements, such as, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, silicon, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese and fluorine, all essential to life, to a high standard of living and to the formation of minerals; in the natural environment where man lives minerals and chemical elements are omnipresent, therefore, interactions are expected to occur and to condition man’s life and his standard of living, in turn highly determined by our health state. Examples of the properties and medicinal use of certain types of special clay, certain types of special sand, and certain types of special natural mineral water, thermal or not, in the treatment of particular types of health affections will be disclosed.