Author(s)

Rogers Omboga Amenya¹, Johanna Kibet Sigey², Geoffrey Moriaso Ole Maloiy³, David Mwangi Theuri²

¹Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Nyeri, Kenya.
²Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta Unversity of Agriculture and Technology, Kisii, Kenya.
³Institute of Animal Physiology and Biotechnology Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

This paper models the giraffe’s jugular veins as a uniform collapsible tube from a rigid skull. The equations governing one-dimensional steady flow through such a tube for various conditions have been developed. The effects of inertial and inclination angles that have not been discussed previously have been included. It has been shown that different flows for a uniform tube (vein) are possible. However, this flow matches that of a jugular vein which is supercritical, and the steady solution has been given by the balance between the driving forces of gravity and the viscous resistance to the flow at the right atrium of the heart must be sub-critical for a fixed right-atrium pressure which means that an elastic jump is required to return the flow to sub-critical from the supercritical flow upstream this type of relationship gives rise to flow limitation at the same time given any right atrium fixed pressure there exists a maximum flow rate which when exceeded the boundary conditions of the flow do not hold boundary conditions at the right atrium are not satisfied hence making the steady flow impossible this mechanism of flow limitation is slightly different from the other one in that causes airways through forced expiration from the observation made it is clearly shown that there is an intravascular pressure difference with a change in height.

Blood Flow, Jugular Vein, Cross-Sectional Area, Supercritical, Subcritical, Jump

Amenya, R. , Sigey, J. , Maloiy, G. and Theuri, D. (2024) Modeling Blood Flow in Veins of Uniform Properties (Giraffe Jugular Vein). Open Journal of Biophysics, 14, 132-153. doi: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2024.142008.