ABSTRACT
The project triad is a concept model of coordination
that consists of three (3) leading project team players, such as the project
client, consultant, and contractor, agreeing and embracing the transparency
transaction in a virtual environment, that’s virtual project coordination
(VPC). The main objective is to fill in the gap, issues, and problems in
communication, specifically in coordination and cooperation. Moreover, to
prevent the duplication of ideas, increase competitiveness, and seek
improvement for operational effectiveness in virtual project management (VPM).
This literature review will gather data from publications, studies, technical
papers, etc., from 2013 to 2023 publications. The project coordination depends
on how effective communication is used in the project. Therefore, the review
analysis focuses on project communication, coordination, cooperation, delivery,
uses, tools, and techniques. Mostly related to the latest coordination issue
that leads to disputes and how cooperative the project team is, including the
virtual environment. The research review will use statistical analysis under
the guidelines with the processes of the C4 model (collect, check, calibrate,
and complete), filter, process, and sort the gathered data. Then, take the
objective (optimization), significance (importance), evaluation, and limitation
(OSEL) of the research publication. As a result, a statistical analysis is most
likely mentioned in the related publication with coordination issues; however,
the effectiveness will depend on the software collaboration used in the 5D
model for the project. Therefore, the project triad concept is necessary for
the project, whether simple or complex, with the collaboration of related
software. The relevant topic’s idea may be improved, optimized, and innovated
to pursue this concept to realization and better application.