Author(s)

Fouedjio Jeanne Hortence^1,2*, Makengne Waofo Manuella², Ebong Ebontane Cliford^1,2, Esiene Agnès^1,3, Tsague Nguimatio Elodie², Fouelifack Ymele Florent^1,4, Mbu Robinson Enow^3,5, Ze Minkande Jacqueline^3,5

¹Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
³Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁴Institute of Medical Technologies of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁵Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a public health problem especially in developing countries due to its incidence and severity. It is responsible for high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to study the factors associated with the occurrence of maternal and perinatal complications of preeclampsia. Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with prospective and retrospective data collection including all patients, pregnant or postpartum, admitted for pre-eclampsia to the maternity ward of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. It took place over a period of seven (07) months. The data collected was analyzed using CS Pro 7.4, SPSS 20.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. We compared the group with complications to the group without complications. We calculated the odds ratio to look for associations between variables and their 95% confidence intervals. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: We recruited 214 cases of preeclampsia in our series. There were maternal complications in 44.4% of cases, dominated by eclampsia (31.8%). We recorded 07 maternal deaths, representing a maternal lethality of 3.3%. We had at least one perinatal complication in 105 cases (49.1%). The predominant perinatal complication was prematurity. We recorded 32 cases of intrauterine fetal demise and 13 cases of early neonatal death, giving a perinatal lethality of 21%. After logistic regression, the factors associated with maternal complications were residing in a rural area (OR = 2.217 [1.054 - 3.09]; p < 0.036); a nurse-aid as prenatal consultation provider (PNC) (OR = 5.059 [2.175 - 36.162]; p < 0.001) and a number of PNCs < 4 (OR = 1.154 [2.330 - 4.029]). Conclusion: Complications of preeclampsia are very common in our setting. Several identified factors are associated with the occurrence of these complications. We suggest building the capacity of providers of PNC and sensitization of women on the use of PNC services.

Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Maternal Death, Perinatal Death, Prematurity

Hortence, F. , Manuella, M. , Cliford, E. , Agnès, E. , Elodie, T. , Florent, F. , Enow, M. and Jacqueline, Z. (2022) Factors Associated with Maternal and Perinatal Complications of Preeclampsia at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 12, 1245-1257. doi: 10.4236/ojog.2022.1212109.