Author(s)

Alya Atoui^1,2, Kamal Slim³, Samir Abbad Andaloussi¹, Régis Moilleron¹, Zaher Khraibani^2,4

¹Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France.
²Rammal Rammal Laboratory, PhyToxE Group, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
³Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.

During the last decades, air pollution has become a serious environmental hazard. Its impact on public health and safety, as well as on the ecosystem, has been dramatic. Forecasting the levels of air pollution to maintain the climatic conditions and environmental protection becomes crucial for government authorities to develop strategies for the prevention of pollution. This study aims to evaluate the atmospheric air pollution of the city of Zahleh located in the geographic zone of Bekaa. The study aims to determine a relationship between variations in ambient particulate concentrations during a short time. The data was collected from June 2017 to June 2018. In order to predict the Air Quality Index (AQI), Naïve, Exponential Smoothing, TBATS (a forecasting method to model time series data), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models were implemented. The performance of these models for predicting air quality is measured using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Relative Error (RE). SARIMA model is the most accurate in prediction of AQI (RMSE = 38.04, MAE = 22.52 and RE = 0.16). The results reveal that SARIMA can be applied to cities like Zahleh to assess the level of air pollution and to prevent harmful impacts on health. Furthermore, the authorities responsible for controlling the air quality may use this model to measure the level of air pollution in the nearest future and establish a mechanism to identify the high peaks of air pollution.

Air Pollution, Air Quality Index, Times Series, Prediction

Atoui, A. , Slim, K. , Andaloussi, S. , Moilleron, R. and Khraibani, Z. (2022) Time Series Analysis and Forecasting of the Air Quality Index of Atmospheric Air Pollutants in Zahleh, Lebanon. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 12, 728-749. doi: 10.4236/acs.2022.124040.