Author(s)

James L. Creighton

Independent Consultant, Kihei, Hawaii, USA.

Over the past several decades natural resource issues have become highly controversial, even playing out on the national or international stage. While natural resource science has advanced, the controversy has not gone away. If anything, it has gotten worse. The reality is that natural resource managers need to be as skilled at addressing public concerns as they are with resource science. Fortunately, over the same period the social sciences have produced useful tools that can aid natural resource managers. But resource managers need to know about these tools and be trained in their use. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to some of the social science tools or approaches that have proven to reduce political conflict over resource issues. When beginning a major project, resource managers can review this list to see which of these approaches might prevent or mitigate controversy. References are provided for each tool as a starting place for further exploration.

Public Controversy, Values Conflict, Public Participation, Dispute Resolution, Joint Model Building, Multi-Agency Project Co-Management, Inter-Agency Dispute Resolution

Creighton, J. (2022) Social Science Tools for Natural Resource Managers. Natural Resources, 13, 127-146. doi: 10.4236/nr.2022.136009.