Author(s)

Mahougnon Carmelle Charlotte Zoundji^1,2,3*, Agassin Martinien Arcadius Ahoglé^3,4, Tobi Moriaque Akplo³, Sèmèvo Oslo Gangnon³, Diorel Montéiro³, Yves Zanvo⁵, Félix Kouelo Alladassi³, Pascal Houngnandan^1,3

¹Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales, Horticoles et Forestières, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Kétou, Benin.
²Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Kétou, Benin.
³Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols et d’Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
⁴Department of Spatial and Environmental Planning, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁵Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin.

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.], as a legume, can establish relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. However, Rhizobium efficacy is not always optimal due to the lack or poor efficient strains in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate symbiotic efficiency of endogenous Rhizobia nodulating Bambara groundnut and their resistance to abiotic conditions. Root nodules were randomly sampled from three agroecological zones across the country, surface sterilized, ground and paste plated on YEMA media. After 24 hours, the bacterial colonies were purified. The pure cultures were further characterized using morphological and biochemical methods and their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals was evaluated. Lastly, the symbiotic efficiency of the isolates was assessed through a greenhouse experiment. A total of eighty-five presumptive strains were isolated from Bambara groundnut roots nodules obtained from the farms. The physiological characterization of the isolated showed a decrease in isolates growth when NaCl concentration was more than 7%. In addition, 47% of the isolates were tolerant to a temperature of 40°C. Most of the isolates were highly resistant to Erythromycin in all its concentration levels and to Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Neomycin and Ampicillin at 10 μg⋅mL⁻¹. Most of them showed resistance to Cu and Zn at 10 μg⋅mL⁻¹. Results of the effectiveness test on two Bambara groundnut varieties yielded dry shoot matter varying from 3.33 g⋅plant⁻¹ to 7.21 g⋅plant⁻¹ for variety 1 and from 4.38 g⋅plant⁻¹ to 8.38 g⋅plant⁻¹ on variety 2. N uptake ranged between 0.09 g⋅plant⁻¹ and 0.29 g⋅plant⁻¹ for variety 1 and between 0.12 and 0.29 g⋅plant⁻¹ for variety 2. The isolates yielding higher shoot dry weight and N uptake were LMSEM312, LMSEM338, LMSEM307, LMSEM351 for variety 1 and LMSEM338, LMSEM309, LMSEM307 for variety 2. The isolates showing better performance can be used to develop bio-fertilizer for sustainable Bambara groundnut production in Benin.

Indigenous Rhizobia, Nitrogen Fixation, Biodiversity, Bambara Groundnut, West Africa

Zoundji, M. , Ahoglé, A. , Akplo, T. , Gangnon, S. , Montéiro, D. , Zanvo, Y. , Alladassi, F. and Houngnandan, P. (2022) Resistance to Abiotic Stress and Effectiveness of Native Rhizobia on Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] in Benin. Open Journal of Soil Science, 12, 193-215. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2022.126008.