Author(s)

Mikaila Kaboré^1*, Issa Konaté^1,2, Yacouba Cissoko^1,2, Ibrehima Guindo^3,4, Bintou Coulibaly¹, Meli Hermine¹, Aboubacar Alassane Oumar^2,5, Mariam Soumaré¹, Assetou Fofana¹, Abdoulaye Zaré¹, Mohamed Aly Cissé¹, Dramane Sogoba¹, Omar Magassouba¹, Hama Hamidou Issa¹, Fodé Kouyaté¹, Sounkalo Dao^1,2,6

¹Infectious Diseases Department, Point “G” University Teaching Hospital, Bamako, Mali.
²Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.
³Laboratory and Biomedical Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Bamako, Mali.
⁴Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.
⁵Laboratory of Biomedical Analysis, University Teaching Hospital of Kati, Kati, Mali.
⁶Serefo Program, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.

The use of antimicrobials without microbiological proof is frequent and contributes to the emergence of resistance. The aim was to identify the organisms isolated during laboratory examinations and the type of antimicrobials consumed by patients hospitalized to Infectious Diseases’ Clinic. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out from January 1 to December 31, 2017 in the Infectious Diseases Department of Point “G” Teaching Hospital in Mali. All biological specimens from patients during the study period were analyzed. In total, 322 patients benefited from microbiological test, with a mean age of 40.9 ± 12.2 years (range 15 and 74 years) with a sex ratio of 0.93. Only 5.6% of patients were HIV negative. In all participants, a total of 658 microbiological specimen were taken, 224 (34.0%) identified at least one pathogen including bacteria in more than a half of the cases (58.5%). On the report of bacteriological analysis, the most frequently identified organisms were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (42.2%) mainly in sputum; Escherichia coli (24.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.8%) commonly in urine and Gardnerella vaginalis (7.0%) exclusively in vaginal secretions. Candida albicans (5/8) and Cryptococcus neoformans (3/8) were the most common fungi while Plasmodium falciparum (96.4%) represented the parasite frequently found in blood. From a therapeutic standpoint, 1143 antimicrobials were prescribed to 322 admitted patients, i.e. 3.55 anti-infectives per patient. Antibiotics (excluding tuberculosis drugs), antiparasitics and antifungals represented respectively 46.2%; 18.8% and 15.1% of anti-infectives. Antibiotic therapy was effective in 274 (85.1%) patients and among them, only 76 (27.7%) cases were based on microbiological evidence. Antibiotics are the most widely used antimicrobials in an infectious disease department. Empiric treatments are common but must be minimized by the search for microbiological evidence.

Antimicrobial, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Mali

Kaboré, M. , Konaté, I. , Cissoko, Y. , Guindo, I. , Coulibaly, B. , Hermine, M. , Oumar, A. , Soumaré, M. , Fofana, A. , Zaré, A. , Cissé, M. , Sogoba, D. , Magassouba, O. , Issa, H. , Kouyaté, F. and Dao, S. (2021) Microbiological Assessment and Antimicrobials’ Use in an Infectious Diseases Department in Mali. Advances in Microbiology, 11, 384-398. doi: 10.4236/aim.2021.118029.