Author(s)

Rodrigo Arrangoiz^1*, Jeronimo Garcialopez De Llano¹, Maria Fernanda Mijares¹, Gonzalo Fernandez-Christlieb², Vanitha Vasudevan¹, Amit Sastry¹, Adrian Legaspi¹, Jennifer Fernandez¹, Frank de la Cruz¹, Fernando Cordera³, Daniel Margain¹

¹Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology, Florida, USA.
²American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.
³Sociedad Quirurgica S.C. at the American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City.

The term thyroid neoplasm incorporates tumors that originate from follicular cells and those that arise from parafollicular cells (C cells). Differentiated thyroid cancer, which originates from follicular cells, includes papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), oncocytic cell carcinoma (Hürthle), poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). PTC tends to have an indolent clinical course with low morbidity and mortality. However, this entity has a broad range of biological and clinical behavior that can result in disease recurrence and death, depending on patient and tumor characteristics and the initial treatment approach. PTC is the most common form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) and based on the most recent statistics, accounts for approximately 89.4% of all thyroid malignancies. PTC appears as an irregular solid or cystic nodule in normal thyroid parenchyma. PTC has the propensity for lymphatic invasion, but it is less likely to have hematogenous spread. Around 11% of patients with PTC present with distant metastases outside the neck and mediastinum. This manuscript with review the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathology, molecular characteristics, prognostic factors, and dynamic risk stratification of PTC centered on an evidence-based and personalized approach.

Thyroid Cancer, Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma, Thyroid Nodule, Thyroid Cancer Treatment, Molecular Studies for Thyroid Cancer

Arrangoiz, R. , De Llano, J. , Mijares, M. , Fernandez-Christlieb, G. , Vasudevan, V. , Sastry, A. , Legaspi, A. , Fernandez, J. , de la Cruz, F. , Cordera, F. and Margain, D. (2021) Current Understanding of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 10, 184-221. doi: 10.4236/ijohns.2021.103019.