This article uses the Monte Carlo method and MCNP5 software to first simulate the X-ray energy spectrum of the tungsten target and the silver target. On this basis, using lead, tungsten and tungsten alloys (90% tungsten, 7.1% nickel, and iron 2.9%) as an X-ray shielding material, the shielding efficiency of these three materials at different thicknesses is calculated, and the results show that tungsten and tungsten alloy have better shielding effect than lead. For the X-rays of different energies generated by the tungsten target and the silver target, in order to achieve the same shielding effect, the X-rays generated by the tungsten target require a thicker shielding material.