Author(s)

L. F. del Castillo^1*, L. F. Martínez-Manzo¹, V. Levario-Diaz^2,3

¹Polymers Department, Institute of Research in Materials, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
²Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
³School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

In the previous paper [1], the application of the general thermodynamic theory was considered to biological systems. The nature of living matter has been presented from the mesoscopic to the macroscopic point of view, for different time scales (ontogenetic and phylogenetics). Herein, we continue with this application, and present three characteristics of life in the form of statements or postulates. The first characteristic describes the probability of survival against aging. In particular, the behaviour of life is shown as an independent mode of aging. The second characteristic refers to the adaptation of the species according to the environment. The relationship between the phenomenon of organic homeostasis and the origin of the clinical parameters that define health is highlighted. And finally, the third characteristic applies the principle of negentropy to describe evolution. A representative model is given as an example of each postulate.

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems, Characteristics of Life, Adaptation, Surviving Probability, Biological Irreversibility, Negentropy

del Castillo, L. , Martínez-Manzo, L. and Levario-Diaz, V. (2020) Thermodynamic Formulation of Living Systems and Their Evolution II. Journal of Modern Physics, 11, 1279-1300. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2020.119080.