ABSTRACT
In Ukraine, a sunflower is the main oil crop from which more than 90% of vegetable
fats are produced. An increase in production is due to the expansion of cultivation
area, which necessitates research on sunflower hybrids adaptability in the northern
regions of Ukraine, where in recent decades, there has
been a significant change of weather conditions and which may be favorable for its
cultivation. The research was carried out in the Northern part of the Forest-Steppe
of Ukraine on light loam chernozems. Reaction to growing conditions of four hybrids
was studied by establishing the stability and plasticity of hybrids in terms of
yield formation due to changes in morphological characteristics of plants. Yield
potential realization is high enough, which is provided by sufficient amounts of
positive, active, effective temperatures and precipitation. Calculation of the coefficients
of plasticity and stability allows identifying stable sunflower hybrids, hybrids
with a high level of plasticity, and recommending
them to production. The yield of early-maturing hybrid Ukrainskyi F1 increases
rectilinearly with plant density increasing (r = 0.977 - 0.998), while hybrids P63LL06
(r = 0.651 - 0.882); NK Ferti (r = 0.589 - 0.846), and NK Brio (r = 0.689 - 0.804)
form a higher yield at standing densities up to 60 thousand plants per hectare,
and with further thickening, the yield decreases. With the thickening of sowings,
the height of all hybrids plants increases (r = 0.97 - 0.99), and there is a decrease
in the number of seeds per anthode, and
the weight of 1000 seeds. Sunflower hybrids can be divided into the groups according
to the peculiarities of yield formation due to morphological features: 1) yield
increases only due to sowings’ thickening— Ukrainskyi
F1; 2) combined efficiency-increasing
sowings’ density to 60 thousand plants/ha and generative organs formation—NCKBrio; 3) hybrids of intermediate type—NK Ferti and P63LL06.
Share and Cite:
Kalenska, S. , Ryzhenko, A. , Novytska, N. , Garbar, L. , Stolyarchuk, T. , Kalenskyi, V. and Shytiy, O. (2020) Morphological Features of Plants and Yield of Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated in the Northern Part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
11, 1331-1344. doi:
10.4236/ajps.2020.118095.