Author(s)

Hadeer A. Shahin^1*, Ehab M. Attalla², H. S. Abou-Elenein³, Hussein Elsayed³, Ibrahim Bashter¹, Marwa A. Suliman⁴

¹Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
²Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
³Radiotherapy Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
⁴Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Introduction: In medulloblastoma patients craniospinal irradiation is an important element the treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of absorbed dose to organs at risk using the hybrid intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in average risk medulloblastoma patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, thirteen medulloblastoma patients were included. The prescribed total dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 23, 40 Gy in 13 fractions. Two radiotherapy techniques, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and hybrid intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were used to treat these patients. The coverage of the Target was evaluated using the D mean, D95%, D2%, D98% and V95%. Other parameters were also compared such as Integral dose (ID), Homogeneity index (HI) and doses to the organs at risk (OARs). Results: There was no significant difference in the mean dose received by the PTV-Brain or the dose received by 95% and 98% of PTV volume using the two techniques. For PTV-Spine, the percentage volume receiving 95% of the total dose increased significantly in the hybrid IMRT technique compared to the conformal technique. So, hybrid IMRT plan achieved the best coverage for PTV spine. Lower dose for OAR was delivered by 3DCRT, except the heart and thyroid, hybrid IMRT achieved better sparing. All plans resulted in the same dose homogeneity index (DHI) for PTV-Brain. For PTV-Spine, hybrid IMRT technique achieved better dose homogeneity compared to 3DCRT technique (1.09 vs. 1.12; p > 0.05). Conclusions: hybrid IMRT technique can be realized on conformal technique because it achieved better dose coverage for the (PTV) and organ at risk (OAR). 3DCRT reduced mean dose to most OARS, except the heart and thyroid. Therefore, the hybrid IMRT technique may be a CSI treatment alternative to 3DCRT.

Craniospinal Irradiation, Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, Medulloblastoma, Organs at Risk, Homogeneity Index

Shahin, H.A., Attalla, E.M., Abou-Elenein, H.S., Elsayed, H., Bashter, I. and Suliman, M.A. (2020) The Effect of Absorbed Dose to Organs at Risk Following Craniospinal Irradiation Using Different Radiotherapy Techniques. International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, 9, 73-85. doi: 10.4236/ijmpcero.2020.92008.