ABSTRACT
Immunization is the most effective method
still used against infectious agents. Although not always, vaccines
ineffectiveness is reported enormously against
many of the pathogens throughout the world in poultry, particularly in case of killed or sub unit vaccine. The current project
is, therefore, carried out as a preliminary study on broiler chickens to
investigate the modulation of immune system against avian influenza virus in
association with purified Staphylococcus aureus toxoid. After isolation
of Gram positive cocci bacteria on mannitol salt agar from raw milk, yogurt and
chicken meat were subsequently biochemically characterized by using rapid
diagnostic kit. Pure culture of S. aureus was inoculated into digitally controlled bio-fermentor containing mannitol salt broth for production of toxins.
Enormous production of bacteria was passed through sequence of filtration
system based on 0.45 μm followed by 0.22 μm size. The centrifugation of the
filtrate was made at 10,000 rpm for 60 minutes at 5℃ followed by 56,100 rpm
for 20 minutes and clear supernatant containing Staphylococcus enterotoxin
(SEs) was obtained. Bradford estimation of proteins further provided 305 μg/ml
of SEs toxoid. Four types of oil adjuvant avian influenza type H9N2 virus
vaccines (without toxoid, 91.5 μg/0.3ml, 22.8 μg/0.3ml and 11.43 μg/0.3ml) were injected into healthy AI H9N2 susceptible broilers and anti-H9N2 HI
antibody titers were measured in terms of hemagglutination inhibition test. It
was observed that on the 8th day, post vaccination cumulative mean anti AIH9 HI antibody titer of G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 and G-5 was 3.13 ± 0.406, 5.13 ± 0.246, 3.96 ± 0.159,
3.25 ± 0.237 and 0.78 ± 0.467 respectively. It was found that all the vaccines
induced protective titers 18 days’ post vaccination, but vaccine containing 91.5 μg/dose of SEs toxoid showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) immune
response as compared to vaccine containing 22.8 μg/dose and 11.43 μg/dose,
whereas, vaccines containing SEs toxoid showed better (P < 0.05) anti AIH9
HI antibody titer as compared to vaccine without SEs toxoid. Thus, it is
concluded that addition of super antigens of SEs in the form of toxoids, particularly in inactivated vaccines, could be the better choice for modulation of immediate and better immune
response in future vaccines technologies.
Share and Cite:
Ghani, M. , Mehmood, M. , Javed, A. , Ansari, F. , Anwar, H. , Noreen, S. and Shah, S. (2019) Immunomodulatory Effect of Purified Exotoxins of
Staphylococcus aureus in Association with Bird Flu Virus Vaccine in Broilers.
American Journal of Molecular Biology,
9, 1-15. doi:
10.4236/ajmb.2019.91001.