Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms Following Acute Ischemic Stroke (PSD) in the Aged
Yue Chen
.
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2011.25081   PDF    HTML     8,825 Downloads   13,508 Views   Citations

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for post stroke depression (PSD), and their clinical correlations. Method: A consecutive cohort of 102 ischemic stroke patients with a mean age of 72.6 ± 7.2 years, were studied. Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS), modified motor assessment scale (MMAS) and Barthel index (BI) were administered. Risk factors of PSD studied were gender, laterality of stroke, family history of depression and post stroke functional impairment. Results: From assessment with the HDRS, 71 (69.6%) of the subjects were non-depressive and the rest 31 (30.4%) had depression. Depressive symptoms (HDRS > 10) were relatively common, but the prevalence of severe depression (HDRS >17) was only 7.0%. Patients with depressive symptoms were more likely to be female(X2 = 4.01, P = 0.039), have a family history of depression(X2 = 3.87, P = 0.045), and a poor functional status(MMAS, t = 2.18 and P = 0.016; BI, t = 3.74 and P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that depressive symptoms occurred in about one third of post stroke patients. Important risk factors found for PSD included gender, family history of depression and functional impairment.

Share and Cite:

Chen, Y. (2011). Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms Following Acute Ischemic Stroke (PSD) in the Aged. Psychology, 2, 522-525. doi: 10.4236/psych.2011.25081.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Andersen G., Vestergaard K., Ingemann-Nielsen M., et al. (1995). Risk factors for post-stroke depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 92:193-198. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09567.x
[2] Angelelli P., Paolucci S., Bivona U., Piccardi L., Ciurli P., Cantagallo A., et al. (2004). Development of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in post stroke patients: A cross sectional study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 55-63. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00297.x
[3] Buchanan B. F. (1986). Functional assessment: measurement with the Barthel Index and PULSES profile. Home Healthc Nurse., 4, 11-17. doi:10.1097/00004045-198611000-00004
[4] Burvill P. W., Johnson G. A., Jamrozik K. D., et al. (1995). Prevalence of depression after stroke: the Perth Community Stroke Study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 320-327. doi:10.1192/bjp.166.3.320
[5] Carson A. J., MacHale S., Allen K., et al. (2000). Depression after stroke and lesion location: A systematic review. Lancet, 356, 122-126. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02448-X
[6] Carson AJ, MacHale S, Allen K. (2000) Depression after stroke and lesion location: a systematic review. Lancet, 8, 122-126.
[7] Carr J. H., Shepherd R. B., Nordholm I., & Lynne D. (1985). Investigation of a new motor assessment for stroke patients. Physical Therapy, 65, 175-190.
[8] Dafer R. M., Rao M., Shareef A., & Sharma A. (2008). Poststroke depression. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 15, 13-21. doi:10.1310/tsr1501-13
[9] Dam M., Tonin P., De Boni A., et al. (1996). Fluoxetine and maprotiline on functional recovery in poststroke hemiplegic patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy. Stroke, 27, 1211-1214. doi:10.1161/01.STR.27.7.1211
[10] Fuh J. L., Liu H. C., Wang S. J., et al. (1997). Poststroke depression among the Chinese elderly in a rural community. Stroke, 28, 1126-1129. doi:10.1161/01.STR.28.6.1126
[11] Gainotti G., Antonucci G., Marra C., et al. (2001). Relation between depression after stroke, antidepressant therapy, and functional recovery. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 71, 258-261. doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.2.258
[12] Green J, Forster A, Bogle S, & Young J. (2002). Physiotherapy for patients with mobility problems more than 1 year after stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 359, 199-203. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07443-3
[13] Hankey G. J. (2007). Clinical update: management of stroke. Lancet, 369, 1330-1332. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60614-X
[14] Herrmann N., Black S. E., Lawrence J., et al. (1998). The Sunnybrook Stroke Study: A prospective study of depressive symptoms and functional outcome. Stroke, 29, 618-624. doi:10.1161/01.STR.29.3.618
[15] House A., Dennis M., Warlow C., et al. (1990). Mood disorders after stroke and their relation to lesion location. Brain, 113, 1113-1129. doi:10.1093/brain/113.4.1113
[16] Jongbloed L. (1990) Problems of methodological heterogeneity in studies predicting disability after stroke. Stroke, 21, 32-34.
[17] Katra L., Dale P., & Crome P. (1993). Improving stroke rehabilitation: A controlled study. Stroke, 24, 1462-1467. doi:10.1161/01.STR.24.10.1462
[18] Lam S. C., Lee L. Y. & To K. W. (2010). Depressive symptoms among community-dwelling, post-stroke elders in Hong Kong. International Nursing Review, 57, 269-273. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00789.x
[19] Lipsey J. R., Robinson R. G., Pearlson G. D., et al. (1984). Nortriptyline treatment of post-stroke depression: a double-blind study. Lancet, 1, 297-300. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90356-8
[20] Nannetti L., Paci M., Pasquini J., Lombardi B., & Taiti P. G. (2005). Motor and functional recovery in patients with post stroke depression. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27, 170-175. doi:10.1080/09638280400009378
[21] Ouimet M. A., Primeau F., &Cole M. G. (2001). Psychosocial risk factors in post-stroke depression: A systematic review Can. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 819-828.
[22] Robinson R. G., Kubos K. L., Starr L. B., et al. (1984). Mood disorders in stroke patients. Importance of location of lesion. Brain, 107, 81-93. doi:10.1093/brain/107.1.81
[23] Special Report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (1990). Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke, 21, 637-676. doi:10.1161/01.STR.21.4.637
[24] Singh A, Black SE, Herrmann N, et al. (2000). Functional and neuroanatomic correlations in post stroke depression. Stroke, 31, 637-644. doi:10.1161/01.STR.31.3.637
[25] Sim M., Reid D., Pallett J., & Gordon E. (1975). The Hamilton rating scale. An assessment bases on a dothiepin versus imipramine clinical trial. International Pharmacopsychiatry, 10, 142-148.
[26] Sinyor D., Jacques P., Kaloupek D. G., et al. (1986). Post-stroke depression and lesion location: an attempted replication. Brain, 109, 537-546. doi:10.1093/brain/109.3.537
[27] Wade D. T., Legh-Smith J., & Hewer R. A. (1987). Depressed mood after stroke: A community study of its frequency. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 200-205. doi:10.1192/bjp.151.2.200
[28] Warlow C. P. (1998). Epidemiology of stroke. Lancet, 352, S111-S1114. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90086-1
[29] Wei J. W., Huang Y., Wang J. G., Liu M., Wong L. K., Huang Q., & Wu L. (2011). Current management of intracerebral haemorrhage in China: A national, multi-centre, hospital register study. BMC Neu- rology, 11, 16-21.
[30] Wells K. B, Stewart A., Hays R. D., et al. (1989). The functioning and well-being of depressed patients: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 914-919. doi:10.1001/jama.262.7.914

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.